broiler

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broiler
Broiler fillet in a Finnish supermarket
Entrance to the “Broiler Bar” in Sassnitz on Rügen, 2013

Broiler is another name for fried chicken in Germany . The word is also a common regional name, especially in the area of ​​the former GDR .

Adoption into German

The term is of Anglo-American origin and is derived from the Middle French bruiller (French: brûler = "to burn"). Both American and British dictionaries define a broiler as " a (young) chicken suitable for broiling " ("a (mostly young) chicken suitable for grilling"). In the USA, however, the term was already used in 1875 (in Vermont for chicken sold ready to grill), then in 1886 in the Oxford English Dictionary and in 1952 in a British newspaper reporting on the boom in the American broiler industry. In the technical language of poultry farmers in all German-speaking countries, the term “broiler” means “chicken intended for fattening”. Broilers became the generic name for roast chickens in the GDR in 1961 when broilers from a Bulgarian poultry breeder were sold there. The Bulgarians had given these broilers the brand name brojleri based on the Anglo-American "broiler" . The Bulgarian name for such poultry is pile , Bulgarian пиле “chicken”. Since then, the word has had both meanings in German as well as in Anglo-American, both for broiler chickens in poultry farming and for grilled chicken as food.

According to new linguistic research, the name Broiler probably came to the GDR as follows: Breeders from the Eastern Bloc countries , above all the Soviet Union , wanted to breed a particularly meat-rich roast chicken, which was only successful to a modest extent. In the 1950s, however, a Bremen company had raised such a meat-rich chicken from several old German breeds and sold it to an American poultry company. It is not known exactly whether the name Broiler was already used as a brand name by the German company or by the US company. It is certain that the term broiler came to the GDR via the US company mentioned . The reason was the above-mentioned failed attempt to breed the meat-rich roast chicken. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance therefore decided in the late 1950s to import the breed of chicken from the US company. For political reasons, however, this should be done via Bulgaria. This is how the broiler spread throughout the Eastern Bloc.

Other sources believe that broiler farming was developed in the Bulgarian city of Dobrich (then Tolbuchin) in the 1960s . There, the industrial mass breeding of broilers was achieved for the first time in ten weeks to a weight of around 1.5 kg. For better marketing abroad, the name "brojleri", derived from American English, was used for the new breed.

In the GDR, the term is listed in the lexicon for restaurants and hotels from 1972. The term gold broiler was also used for advertising purposes . From this the vernacular derived terms such as silver broiler or bronze broiler , which is roughly equivalent to the rubber eagle (for an inferior, tough or low-meat chicken).

According to the GDR Duden , broilers weigh 1.2 to 1.4 kg after eight to ten weeks, the Bulgarian broilers in the 1960s weighed around 1.5 kg after ten weeks of rearing.

The term broiler is also used in other languages, e.g. B. in Finnish broileri and in Swahili .

Others

Restaurant "Zum Goldbroiler", Berlin 1990
  • According to unverified records, there is said to have been a broiler / roast chicken chain in the USA with the name "Broiler" as early as the 1940s, which sold roast chickens as "broiler".
  • The Kassel broiler was a cured and then smoked broiler in the GDR.
  • In the GDR Industrial Fattening Combine , mainly broilers, geese, eggs, fattening pigs and beef cattle were produced in the GDR.
  • According to the GDR foreign dictionary (Leipzig 1977, edited by Ruth Küfner), other poultry and rabbits were also referred to as broilers. It also names the shapes of broiler rabbits , broikas, and rabbit broilers .
  • There is a band from Düsseldorf called Broilers .
  • The second episode of the first season of the US television series MacGyver was titled Goldbroiler MacGyver in the German version , although the then responsible dubbing studio Arena Synchron was a West Berlin company.
  • The shunting locomotives of the series V 60 of the DR received the because of their color nickname Goldbroiler .

literature

Linguistic

  • Martin Lehnert : Anglo-American language in the GDR. Berlin 1990 ISBN 3-05-000985-3 . [ Broiler p. 67 ff.].
  • Norbert Nail: “Broiler” - grilled and not grilled. Follow-up remarks on a "GDR word". In: Der Sprachdienst 3–4 / 94, pp. 100–102. [With, among other things, the source for broilers from 1966].
  • Birgit Wolf: Language in the GDR: A dictionary. de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-016427-2 . [ Broiler p. 34, source for the "Medals" broiler ].
  • Ulrich Busse: Anglicism Dictionary. Part: A - E. de Gruyter, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-11-017169-4 . [ Broiler p. 176 ff.].
  • "Webster's New School and Office Dictionary," The World Publishing Company New York 1943
  • "The New International Webster's Student Dictionary," International Encyclopedic Edition New York 1982
  • "Random House Webster's College Dictionary", ("Webster's New School and Office Dictionary", The World Publishing Company New York 1943; "The New International Webster's Student Dictionary", International Encyclopedic Edition New York 1982; "Random House Webster's College Dictionary", Random House New York 1990 Random House New York 1990)
  • "Oxford WORDPOWER Dictionary", Oxford University Press 1993

Animal breeding

  • John Hammond et al: Handbook of Animal Breeding. Part 3, 2nd half vol. "Racial Science". Hamburg / Berlin 1961.
  • Siegfried Scholtyssek: The fattening of young poultry. Production and preparation in line with the market. Hamburg / Berlin 1961.
  • Hans Wacker, Ernst Granz: animal production. 10th edition. Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1971, ISBN 3-489-79012-X .
  • Dieter Großklaus (Ed.): Poultry meat hygiene, animal husbandry, slaughter, live animal and meat inspection, products, legal bases. Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1979, ISBN 3-489-68016-2 .
  • Patrice G. Poutrus: The invention of the gold broiler: About the connection between securing power and consumption development in the GDR. Cologne: Böhlau 2002.

Web links

Wiktionary: Broiler  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

supporting documents

  1. ^ Herrmann, F. Jürgen: Textbook for cooks . Handwerk und Technik, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-582-40055-7 , p. 224 .
  2. ↑ On the different language usage in East and West Germany see: Jürgen Eichhoff: On some geographical differences in the use of words in the German language that emerged in the 20th century In: Sprache und Customs. Festschrift Martin, 1980, p. 169f
  3. ^ Webster's New School and Office Dictionary . The World Publishing Company, New York 1943; The New International Webster's Student Dictionary . International Encyclopedic Edition, New York 1982; Random House Webster's College Dictionary . Random House, New York 1990.
  4. ↑ BROILER | Meaning in the Cambridge English dictionary. Retrieved November 17, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Duden
  6. ↑ Lehnert 1989, p. 68.
  7. ↑ Lehnert 1989, p. 67.