Brood XIX

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Cicada the Brood XIX, Chapel Hill, NC, May 29, 2011.
Cicadas in Maury County Tennessee, May 28, 2011.

Brood XIX ( The Great Southern Brood ) is the most widespread population of the thirteen-year-old "Periodic Cicadas" ( Magicicada ) in the USA . Every 13th year, Brood XIX cicadas burrow en masse to the surface, lay eggs and die within a few weeks.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the entomologist Charles Lester Marlatt identified 30 different populations, of which around 15 could also be confirmed over the years. Brood XIX is one of only 3 living populations with a life cycle of 13 years. It is also particularly interesting because it was not until 1998 that another species could be identified based on its singing. The last occurrence was in 2011 and the next one is expected in 2024.

Opinion on the other Broods

Brood XIX is one of the cicadas of the thirteen year cycle. The other two populations ( Brood XXII , Brood XXIII ) saw the light of day in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The fourth 13-year-old population in Florida, Brood XXI (The Floridian Brood), is believed to be extinct.

species

All four known 13-year-old cicadas occur in the population: Magicicada tredecim (Walsh and Riley, 1868), Magicicada tredecassini (Alexander and Moore, 1962), Magicicada tredecula (Alexander and Moore, 1962) and the newly discovered Magicicada neotredecim (Marshall and Cooley, 2000).

The two species M. tredecim and M. neotredecim have an unusual distribution of their range for periodic cicadas. In the population, the range of the two species overlaps only in a relatively small area, a narrow band of northern Arkansas and southern Indiana . The other 13-year-old cicadas occur in a mixed species composition. However, all four species differ in the different calls of the males and M. tredecim and M. neotredecim even differ particularly clearly in the overlapping distribution area (reproductive character displacement - RCD).

In the Brood XIX population in Alabama, specimens of the species M. tredecula are less common than examples of the species M. tredecim and M. tredecassini .

Distribution area

Most of the maps related to the cicadas date from the 19th century, so the distribution today is probably less wide in most cases. The National Geographic Society is collecting observation reports from the Brood XIX as part of a mapping project. The old maps list occurrences in Missouri , Arkansas , Louisiana , Mississippi , Tennessee , Kentucky , Indiana , Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina, and Georgia .

Appearance 2011

In early May 2011, the cicadas reappeared in areas of Georgia, Texas , Alabama , North Carolina, Missouri, and Tennessee.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Susan L. Post: A Trill of a Lifetime. University of Illinois 2004 ( inhs.uiuc.edu ( Memento of May 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive )).
  2. ↑ Magicicada broods and distributions . National Geographic Society. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  3. ↑ Brood XXI (13-year) The Floridian Brood . National Geographic Society. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  4. ^ A b Brood XIX (13-year) The Great Southern Brood . National Geographic Society. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  5. ^ Magicicada neotredecim Marshall and Cooley 2000 . National Geographic Society. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  6. ^ Magicicada Brood XIX is emerging now . National Geographic Society. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
  7. ↑ LL Hyche: Periodical Cicadas1 ( "The 13-Year Locusts") in Alabama . Auburn University. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  8. ^ Magicicada Mapping Project Homepage . National Geographic Society. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  9. ↑ US states braced for invasion of cicadas As They hatch after 13 years underground . In: Daily Mail , May 12, 2011. 
  10. ^ Brood XIX (13-year) . University of Michigan. Retrieved June 10, 2011.