Buchen-Spei-Täubling

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Buchen-Spei-Täubling
The beech-spei-deaf (Russula nobilis)

The beech-spei-deaf ( Russula nobilis )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Buchen-Spei-Täubling
Scientific name
Russula nobilis
Velen.

The beech-Spei-deaf ( Russula nobilis , Syn .: Russula mairei ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae) and a mycorrhizal fungus of the common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ).

features

The hat of the beech-spei-blubber is 3 to 9 cm wide. Young the hat is spherical to hemispherical, later arched to spread out. The hat skin is slightly sticky and colored vermilion to carmine red. It is shiny when wet, and velvety matt when dry. In old age it often fades in the middle. It can be easily peeled off at the edge, the underlying flesh is pink to reddish in color. The edge of the hat is grooved with age.

The lamellas are bulging and are crowded, at least in youth. Many fins are bifurcated and slat tablets mingled. They are white or have a yellowish tinge and turn yellow with ammonia.

The white stem is 2 to 8 long and 1 to 1.5 (2) cm thick, and is quite soft. The flesh is also white and has a slight tendency to yellow. The taste is burning pungent, the smell pleasantly fruity, the fungus can develop a slight honey odor when drying. The spore powder is white.

Macrochemical reactions

With potassium hydroxide solution , the skin of the hat turns yellow-brown to light brown, with nitric acid it turns pink to deep red. If you put potassium hydroxide solution on the meat, you immediately get a yellow-brown discoloration. Sulphovanillin turns the meat purple and iron (II) sulphate solution turns dirty gray-red to dirty yellow-gray.

Microscopic features

The spores themselves are rounded, elliptical, 7 to 8.5 µm long and 6 to 6.5 µm wide. The relatively small warts protrude only moderately. They are only up to 0.5 µm high and short or blunt prickly. Usually the warts are almost completely connected by fine lines that form a tightly meshed network. The basidia are 40 to 50 µm long and 9 to 12.5 µm wide with four sterigms with a diameter of 5 to 7 µm . The cystids are 65 to 75 long and 7.5 to 10 μm wide, they are elongated, bulbous, blunt on top, usually only with indistinct tips. In sulfovanillin, they appear blue.

The cap skin has 66–85 µm long and 6–10 µm wide, club-shaped pileocystids and flaky hairs (3 to 4 µm).

Species delimitation

  • For the mushroom picker, the distinction between cinnabar-deaf and beech-spei-deaf is probably the most important. Both species have the same red hat color and are quite common in acidic beech forests. However, the vermilion deaf has much firmer flesh, and the stem is at least slightly tinged with red. It tastes mild, possibly a little bitter, and the hat skin cannot be peeled off.

Much more similar are of course the closely related Speitblinge. The cherry red, the pine and the dwarf Spei deaf.

  • The dwarf-Spei-Täubling only occurs in the high mountains and can therefore be excluded in most cases.
  • The flesh of the cherry-red Spei-Täubling is white under the hat skin, and the fungus forms a symbiosis with pine and spruce.
  • The most difficult thing is to distinguish it from the Kiefern-Spei-Täubling , which - contrary to what its name suggests - can also be found under beech trees. It is quite small with a hat diameter of 2 to 5 cm and is fragile. Its hat skin can be peeled off almost halfway, and the flesh underneath is mostly white. The mushroom has no honey odor when dried. The surest differentiator is the spores. In the Kiefer-Spei-Täubling they are usually larger (7.5–12.5 × 6.2–9.2 µm). The spores themselves also have larger, widely spaced, spiky warts.

ecology

The Buchen-Spei-Täubling is a mycorrhizal fungus of the European beech. It prefers acidic to moderately acidic sand, sandstone or clay soils, but also occurs on limestone soils. From July to October it is one of the most common pigeons in acidic beech forests.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the Buchen-Spei-Täubling.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Buchen-Spei-Täubling occurs in North Africa (Morocco), North America (USA) and Europe. In Europe it is widespread in Western and Central Europe, including Hungary and the Czech Republic, i.e. in the entire distribution area of ​​the European beech .

    Systematics

    Subspecies and varieties

    In the past, the long-stemmed forms of the beech-Spei-Täubling were described as a separate species and were separated from the squat-growing beech-Spei-Täubling ( Russula mairei ) under the name of the long-stemmed beech-Spei-Täubling ( Russula fageticola ) .

    However, since both forms are connected to one another through intermediate stages, this separation was rejected again.

    Inquiry systematics

    The closely related species of cherry red ( Russula emetica ), dwarf ( Russula nana ) and pine-spit-horned blubber ( Russula silvestris ) are very similar . They are all grouped together in the subsection Emeticinae within the Russula section . For a long time they were only viewed as varieties of the cherry red Spei-Täubling.

    use

    The beech-Spei-Täubling is considered a toadstool. The consumption can lead to indigestion and vomiting. Due to its really pungent taste, poisoning with the beech-Spei-Täubling should be extremely rare. Further information on toxicity can be found in the Wiki article Kirschroter Spei-Täubling .

    swell

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c d Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 70 .
    2. ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 184 .
    3. ↑ Russula mairei at cbs.knaw.nl
    4. ^ Rolf Singer : Monograph of the genus Russula . In: A. Pascher (Ed.): Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt . tape  49 , 1932, pp. 302-303 ( online ).
    5. ↑ Russula nobilis ( Memento of the original from January 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at www.rogersmushrooms.com/ (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rogersmushrooms.com
    6. ↑ The Speitäubling (Russula emetica ss. Lato) (PDF; 288 kB) under Westfälische Mushroom Letters
    7. ↑ Species description of Russula emetica f. silvestris in Singer monograph of the genus Russula p. 305 (PDF)
    8. ↑ a b Russula mairei in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    9. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 293 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
    10. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula nobilis. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    11. ↑ Russula mairei. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved May 7, 2012 (Italian).
    12. ↑ Mushrooms and Fungi of Poland Index: R. . In: grzyby.pl . Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grzyby.pl
    13. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula mairei. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .
    14. ^ Synonyms of Russula nobilis. In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
    15. ↑ Russula Part 5: Edible pigeons. Der Tintling 95, issue 4/2015, pp. 29–38
    16. ↑ Ludwig Beenken: The genus Russula: Investigations into their systematics based on ectomycorrhizae. Dissertation, LMU Munich: Faculty of Biology (2004). P. 374 and 405 ff Download (PDF)

    Web links

    Commons : Buchen-Spei-Täubling ( Russula nobilis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files