Bullidae
| Bladder snails | ||||||||||||
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Housing of Bulla quoyii |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the superfamily | ||||||||||||
| Bulloidea | ||||||||||||
| Lamarck , 1801 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Bullidae | ||||||||||||
| Lamarck , 1801 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Bulla | ||||||||||||
| Linnaeus , 1758 |
The bladder snails (Bulla) are a genus and family mostly medium-sized, world occurring in tropical seas marine housing bearing screw in the order of cephalaspidea (Cephalaspidea). Bulla is the only genus of the family Bullidae , which in turn forms the superfamily Bulloidea . It comprises 12 recognized species.
features
Unlike most other hind gill snails , the Bullidae carry their snail shell freely on their backs. The egg-shaped, inconspicuously colored, mostly smooth snail shells have a sunken thread and a long, curved, inverted comma-shaped case mouth. The head shield has a pair of large antennae on the sides that resemble a sipho in their outer shape . The jaws are elongated to crescent-shaped. The central teeth of the radula are wide and have many teeth with a smaller central cusp. There is a wide gap to the side teeth. The inner posterior teeth are claw-like with a symmetrical central cusp and 3 to 4 lateral cusps on each side, the outer posterior teeth with a smooth inner vertical edge and a serrated outer edge with 4 to 10 cusps and the base with teeth. The second outer posterior teeth are reduced to platelets. The horny chewing plates are smooth and have a longitudinal keel.
The snails are hermaphrodites with a long, muscular, retractable penis in the head region. The gonoduct located in the back of the body, at the end of which the hermaphroditic gland sits, is slightly twisted in front, the fertilization chamber in its center and the seminal sac in which the semen of the sexual partners are stored, in front of the abdomen. The two sex organs are connected by a ciliate groove on the upper right side of the body.
After mating with each other, both sexual partners lay eggs from which Veliger larvae hatch, feed on plankton and, after several months, metamorphose into juvenile snails .
The snail species within the genus are very similar to one another with simultaneous variability within the individual species, so that in some cases molecular biological studies are necessary to delimit them.
Distribution and types
The largest species of Bullidae is in the Indo-Pacific living ampoule bladder snail ( Bulla ampulla ) whose housing cm to 6 can be long.
The Bullidae are common in all tropical oceans. Of the 12 recognized species, two ( Bulla striata and Bulla mabillei ) live in the eastern Atlantic , two ( Bulla occidentalis and Bulla solida ) in the western Atlantic, two ( Bulla gouldiana and Bulla punctulata ) in the eastern Pacific , and six ( Bulla ampulla , Bulla arabica , Bulla orientalis , Bulla peasiana , Bulla quoyii and Bulla vernicosa ) in the Indo-Pacific .
The snails live in the intertidal zone , in tidal pools and up to a depth of 70 m on sand, mud, gravel, green algae and seagrass meadows , where they mainly feed on green algae . They bury themselves in the sand during low tide.
History of the system
Bulla means a bubble in Latin . In 1758 Linnaeus describes the genus Bulla as a snail with a one-piece, rolled-up, unarmed shell with a somewhat extended, elongated, longitudinal opening with entire margins at the base and a crooked spindle. The anatomy of the worm stays here quite disregarded, because due to the morphological characteristics of the snail shell he includes in this genus with 23 species in addition to the later than the type species specified ampulla Bulla , like all representatives of today's genre Bulla carries an outer casing completely different Species with an inner shell, such as the open sea almond ( Bulla aperta ), but also representatives of the Physidae belonging to the water lung snails , namely the spring bladder snail ( Bulla fontinalis ) and the moss bladder snail ( Bulla hypnorum ). To this day, these snails are also referred to as " bladder snails ". Only Bulla ampulla remains in the genus Bulla to this day , while three species described by Linnaeus are doubtful and the others belong to 18 different genera.
As early as 1778, Emanuel Mendes da Costa began to narrow the genus and excluded today's Ovulidae . Jean Guillaume Bruguière presented in 1789 found that Linnaeus in the genus Bulla had combined several unrelated snails, and restricted the genus to marine snails, which have a casing mouth with the full body length and a sunken thread - next to the present genus Bulla also Cylichna . In 1822, Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck restricted the genus to marine snails with external shells and for the first time considered the anatomy of snails. The open sea almond was moved to a different genus ( Bullaea ), and only 6 of the original 23 species of Linnaeus remained. John Edward Gray , who referred to the genus description by Lamarck from 1801, established Bulla ampulla as a type species in 1847 . With it, the delimitation of the genus known today is largely completed.
literature
- Manuel António E. Malaquias, David G. Reid (2008): Systematic revision of the living species of Bullidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a molecular phylogenetic analysis . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153 (3), pp. 453-543.
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
Individual evidence
- ↑ Langenscheidt's Latin-German Dictionary: Entry Bulla. 7th edition 1982.
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus : Systema Naturae. 10th ed., Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1758, p. 725: No. 286. Bulla. Testa univalvis, convoluta, inermis. Apertura subeffusa, oblonga, longitudinalis, basi integerrima. Columella obliqua.
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus : Systema Naturae. 10th ed., Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1758, p. 727, 334. Bulla ampulla. B. testa rotundata opaca, vertice umbilicato. Habitat ad insulas Mauritii, Jamaicam, Barbados. (Bulla with a rounded, dark shell with a nibbled (sunken) vertebra. Lives on the islands of Mauritius, Jamaica and Barbados.) - Manuel António E. Malaquias and David G. Reid (2008) limit the spread of the type on Mauritius.
- ↑ Emanuel Mendes da Costa: Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniæ, or, The British conchology . Elmsley and Robson, London 1778. Pl. 3, fig. 4, 5.
- ↑ Jean-Guillaume Bruguière, Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, Gérard Paul Deshayes (eds.): Encyclopédie méthodique . Jean-Guillaume Bruguière: Histoire naturelle des vers . Tome sixième. Panckoucke, Paris 1789.
- ↑ Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck : Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent: précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels: enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie . Paris 1815-1822.
- ↑ John Edward Gray . Materials towards a fauna of New Zealand, Auckland Islands, and Chatham Islands . In: E. Dieffenbach (Ed.): Travels in New Zealand, with contributions to the geog raphy, geology, botany, and natural history of that country . Vol. 2. London 1843. pp. 177-295.
