Chlorophyta

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Chlorophyta
Pediastrum duplex

Pediastrum duplex

Systematics
Classification : Creature
Domain : Eukaryotes (eukaryota)
without rank: Diaphoreticks
without rank: Archaeplastida
without rank: Chloroplastida
without rank: Chlorophyta
Scientific name
Chlorophyta
Pascher , 1914,
emend. Lewis et McCourt, 2004

The chlorophyta , also called chlorophytes , are green algae belonging to the chloroplastida . Together with the algae-like representatives of the Charophyta , they form the paraphyletic group of green algae .

features

Almost all levels of organization occur in the Chlorophyta : flagellated unicellular organisms, unbranched and branched thread algae, leaf-like thalli , also woven thalli and tissue thalli . The flagella of the mobile cells are two or a multiple of two. A star-shaped structure on the basal body of the transition zone connects the nine pairs of microtubules that form a flagellum. The plastids have two membranes, but no periplastid endoplasmic reticulum . The thylakoids of the plastids are single or stacked. As a reserve material is starch formed within the plastids. The cells have a glycolate dehydrogenase .

The cell wall consists, if present, from cellulose . The cell division occurs without the formation of a phragmoplast .

Occurrence

The Chlorophyta live mainly in the plankton and benthos of fresh water. Some larger species occur in the coastal areas of the seas. They are almost completely absent from marine plankton. Some representatives live in moist locations on land, epiphytically on trees, etc. Some also live symbionically in lichens or intracellularly in animals, for example in freshwater polyps ( Hydra ).

Some representatives have lost their chloroplasts secondarily and live heterotrophically .

For the Chlorophyta occurring in the German Bight, see the list of marine algae from Helgoland .

Systematics

The majority of the species referred to as green algae belong to the Chlorophyta, the Charophyta are considerably poorer in species as far as the algae are affected. According to AlgaeBASE (2017), the Chlorophyta comprise over 6400 species. Classification according to Adl et al. 2012 and according to AlgaeBASE (2017).

literature

  • Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Mark A. Farmer, Robert A. Andersen, O. Roger Anderson, John A. Barta, Samual S. Bowser, Guy Bragerolle, Robert A. Fensome, Suzanne Fredericq, Timothy Y. James, Sergei Karpov, Paul Kugrens, John Krug, Christopher E. Lane, Louise A. Lewis, Jean Lodge, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Richard M. McCourt, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley-Standridge, Thomas A. Nerad, Carol A. Shearer, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel, Max FJR Taylor: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 52 (5), 2005; Pages 399-451. doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
  • Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Chlorophyta In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway , accessed April 21, 2012 (systematics section)

Web links

Commons : Chlorophyta  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Peter Sitte , Elmar Weiler , Joachim W. Kadereit , Andreas Bresinsky , Christian Körner : Textbook of botany for universities . Founded by Eduard Strasburger . 35th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8274-1010-X , p. 677 .
  2. ↑ Adl, SM, Simpson, AGB, Lane, CE, Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, SS, Brown, MW, Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A. , Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., le Gall, L., Lynn, DH, McManus, H., Mitchell, EAD, Mozley-Stanridge, SE, Parfrey, LW, Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, CL, Smirnov, A. and Spiegel, FW: The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology , 59: 429-514, 2012, PDF Online
  3. ↑ http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=97241