Charophyta
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Charophyta | ||||||||||||
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Karol et al., 2001, emend. Lewis & McCourt , 2004 |
The Charophyta are a group of photosynthetically active eukaryotes , i.e. living beings with cell nuclei . They include candelabrum algae , plants , ornamental algae and some very isolated genera.
features
When swarming cells are formed, they have two flagella which are inserted asymmetrically and have two different flagella attachments. At the base of the flagellum there is a special structure ( multi-layered structure , MLS) consisting of attachment points for microtubules and cytoskeletal parts. The plastids have stacked thylakoids and are surrounded by two membranes without a periplastid endoplasmic reticulum . In the plastids, starch is stored as a reserve carbohydrate . They have open mitosis and persistent mitosis spindles. Cell division takes place via phycoplasts , in some groups also via phragmoplasts and a cell plate. There are primary connections between neighboring cells via plasmodesmata , which are thread-like - branched or unbranched. All Charophyta have a non-motile vegetative phase. Some groups have multinucleated cells. Sexual reproduction is common, but it can also be absent. The sexual types have a haplodiplontic generation change .
They also possess some enzymes that in the other missing green algae groups: about glycolate - oxidase in the peroxisome and Cu / Zn superoxide dismutase .
Systematics
The most species-rich group are the plants , which are combined with the candelabrum algae to form the Streptophytina . There are also yoke algae and ornamental algae as well as some very isolated genera:
- Coleochaetales
- Chlorokybus
- Klebsormidium
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Zygnematophyceae (ornamental algae)
- Yoke algae (Zygnematales)
- Ornamental algae (Desmidiales)
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Streptophytina
- Chandelier algae (Charales)
- Plants (Plantae)
literature
- Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Mark A. Farmer, Robert A. Andersen, O. Roger Anderson, John A. Barta, Samual S. Bowser, Guy Bragerolle, Robert A. Fensome, Suzanne Fredericq, Timothy Y. James, Sergei Karpov, Paul Kugrens, John Krug, Christopher E. Lane, Louise A. Lewis, Jean Lodge, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Richard M. McCourt, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley-Standridge, Thomas A. Nerad, Carol A. Shearer, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel, Max FJR Taylor: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists . In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . tape 52 , no. 5 , 2005, p. 399-451 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x .
- Louise A. Lewis, Richard M. McCourt: Green Algae and the Origin of Land Plants . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 91 , no. 10 , 2004, p. 1535–1556 ( abstract and full text ).
