Hövel Castle
| Hövel Castle | ||
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| Creation time : | between 1003 and the 12th century | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall, built over | |
| Standing position : | Count | |
| Place: | Hamm - Bockum-Hövel | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 42 '9.7 " N , 7 ° 45' 43" E | |
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The castle Hoevel is an Outbound castle . In the twelfth century it can be traced back to one of the seats of the Counts of Berg . The castle was located on the northern slope of the Höveler hill in today's Hammer district of Bockum-Hövel . It has not been preserved, its previous position has been overbuilt.
location
The lowland castle of Hoevel was lying on the northern slope of the hill in the village Höveler Hoevel. Today it is part of Bockum-Hövel , a district of the city of Hamm , which Bockum-Hövel was incorporated into as part of the municipal reform of 1975. Hövel Castle stood on the site of the old vicarie (400 meters north of St. Pankratius Church).
history
House Hövel is documented as one of the castle complexes of the Counts of Berg for the twelfth century. It can be assumed that for many years there was a free farm at the location of the castle, the owners of which named themselves after their location on the hill to Huvele , von Hövel, or in the Latin form de Huvile .
Local home keeper Willi Schroeder assumes that the castle was built at a much earlier point in time, namely around the year 1003. Hövel Castle then goes back to the Counts of Werl , namely Count Bernhard I. von Werl. This assumption is based on the representation of a medieval source, the Annalista Saxo , according to which Bernhard I von Werl founded the line of the Counts of Hövel as one of three sons of Hermann I von Werl , while his brother Hermann II von Werl was the progenitor of the Line of the Counts of Arnsberg is. Bernhard von Werl, born around 983, received all of Central Westphalia as an inheritance, which also included a number of goods. Already at a young age (around 1003) he became hereditary bailiff over the imperial monastery in Essen . According to Schroeder, Bernhard would have moved to his county around the year 1003 in order to have a better overview, since most of his comités would have been in this Gau. He then found the most favorable point on the great military road that ran from Hellweg to the Baltic Sea, shortly after the Lippefurt in a depression in the northern hill. From here he could see the entire strand of hair. Bernhard therefore built a castle here and then called himself Count Bernhardus de Huvili, Count von Hövel, because of the hill.
The more recent research by Paul Leidinger, who has been dealing with the Counts of Werl for decades, speaks against this view. After that Bernhard I. von Werl was never Count von Hövel. Rather, there was a mix-up in the Annalista Saxo. The Bernhard named there can be identified with Bernhard II von Werl , ancestor of the Counts of Arnsberg. According to this view, Hövel would have been part of the Arnsberg estates until 1124 and would only have come to the Berg family through the division of inheritance with the death of the last Arnsberg count. A Count von Hövel (from the Berg family) would therefore not be plausible until 1124 at the earliest. The first Count of Hövel would then be Adolf II von Berg , who was married to the daughter of the last Arnsberg Count in his first marriage. He is said to have called himself Count von Hövel from 1128 onwards.
Hövel Castle served the Bergern as a residence, but it was probably no longer used regularly by Adolf II von Berg , who owned other properties on which he resided. In 1145 Adolf enfeoffed one of his ministerials with the Hövel Castle (including the large land holdings). During this time the residents gave themselves a new name. Since then, the Ministeriale has called itself “de Hüvele” in contrast to the earlier name “de Huvili”. (A change in the previous name is also known for Count Friedrich von Isenberg - he was referred to as “Comes de hurde”.). Hövel Castle has been the seat of the knights, noblemen and later barons of Hövel ever since .
Under Eberhard I. von Berg-Altena , the castle finally lost its importance as a residence, because Eberhard had Nienbrügge Castle built, from which he could exercise better control over his possessions. When the Counts of Berg-Altena split into the Altenaisch-Märkische and the later Isenbergian lines in the division of the estate from 1180, the castle came into the hands of the Altenaic line. At first it belonged to Count Friedrich von Berg-Altena , who then bequeathed it to his son Adolf, who later became Adolf I von der Mark, after his death in 1198 . For the Isenberg branch of the family, Hövel Castle was lost. Friedrich's brother, Arnold von Altena , who had inherited the title of Count von Hövel, pushed ahead with the expansion of Nienbrügge Castle to replace it . The Isenberg family branch used Nienbrügge as a residence until Arnold's son Friedrich von Isenberg moved to Isenburg near Hattingen in 1217. Hövel Castle, on the other hand, continued to be enfeoffed to the miners, knights, noblemen and barons of Hövel from the Altenaisch-Brandenburg line of the Berger counts.
In the year 1200 a member of the von Hövel family was mentioned in a document, a certain Lambert von Hövel, who was mentioned in 1198 as a witness in an exchange between Count Gottfried von Arnsberg and the provost zu Cappenberg. By this time the owners of Haus Hövel must have moved from being a free farmer to being a knight. Few episodes from the life of this sex are known. There is a document in which Hermann von Hövel and his wife Otburgis and their children Gottfried (who was canon in Münster), Johann Lambert, Gisla and Ermegardis waive their claims on the Dolemap estate in favor of the Cappenberg monastery . The knight Johann von Hövel, Hermann's brother, is named as a witness.
After the murder of Cologne Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne by Friedrich von Isenberg , Hövel Castle remained nominally owned by Count Adolf I von der Mark , who, however, was in fact unable to exercise any power in the Altenai areas north of the Lippe; this was with the bishops of Munster. Adolf therefore gave up his power to govern, but kept the castle as a Brandenburg property.
Around 1280, Eberhard von der Mark founded the North Hospital in Hamm together with his wife Ermegard. Witnesses were: Godefridus de Hüvele and Johann de Hüvele. In 1297 Johann de Hüvele became Burgmann in Stromberg. Hermann de Hüvele was at the same time bailiff for the Prince-Bishop of Münster. Lambert de Hüvele, the eldest son, must have probably continued to live at Hövel Castle. He was married to Odburgis. They had six children from the marriage, namely the daughters Ermegardis and Christina and the sons Statius, Lambert, Johann and Godfried. Lambert de Hüvele stayed at Hövel Castle. The others were placed with various counts as ministerials. Lambert had a daughter named Otburga, who became a nun in the Welver convent, and five other sons, namely Lambert, Deibolt, Godfried, Johann and Hermann. Hermann became canon in Münster, Johann de Hüvele Ritter and Burgmann in Stromberg. Now Lambert de Hüvele acquired the feudal rights of the Stockum family from the nuns in Herford and acquired Geinegge Castle . Godfrid de Hüvele became the feudal lord of the Stockum family, and his son Lambert became lord of Geinegge Castle. Dreibolt de Hüvele became the master of Hövel Castle. He was married to Elseke. On October 31, 1323, Deibold de Hüvele gave a donation from Schürkmann's legacy in Nordick with the approval of his wife Elseke. In addition to gifts of grain to the pastor, various debt reliefs, etc. The Nortwick estate, which at that time still belonged to the parish of Bockum, was given away to a Johann von Berle. The seal of Dreibolt de Hüvele still hangs intact on a strip of parchment on the deed of gift.
In 1390 Lambert de Hüvele witnessed the sale of the free chair in Ascheberg. At that time he lived in his castle in Hövel. In 1392/93 a Gerlach van Hoevele carried the Hof zu Hövel as a fief on the part of the Counts of the Mark .
In 1448 Evert von Mersfeld married a Gödeke de Hüvele who lived at the castle in Hövel.
In 1507 Dietrich de Hüvele and his wife Frederene lived at Hövel Castle (the corresponding note is in the archives of Westerwinkel Castle ).
In 1553 the Hövel castle passed into the hands of the von Reck family in Heessen. Gert Freiherr von der Reck from the house of Heessen (died 1570) bought the Volmarsteinsche, then Reck-Heessen'sche Lehen Schlosshof (actually Schlossmannshof) zu Hövel from Anton von Laer zu Geinegge, and has called himself Herr zu Hövel ever since. Around 1580 the owner of Hövel Castle was Hermann Freiherr von der Reck in Heessen, who also called himself Herr von Hövel. After his death (around 1590) the Hövel estates seem to have fallen to the Caldenhofer Reckes and later became involved in their bankruptcy. Diedrich von Kaldenhof was the next lord of the Hövel castle. He had to sell this castle because it went bankrupt. When von Reck's estates were dissolved in 1608, the castle quickly fell into different hands one after the other.
The Ermelinghof house, Hövel Castle and the surrounding ridges and meadows, various cottages and a large pasture were bought by Pastor Baggel, pastor at the Pankratius Church in Hövel, in 1631. In 1663 he set up the Höveler Vikarie as a family foundation as a second clerical office. The castle burned down in 1633, so Pastor Baggel relocated to his Geinegge Castle estate . In 1633 he had the guild house in front of the church demolished and used the green sandstones to rebuild the property. In 1643 the pastor moved back to Hövel Castle.
Until 1820, this square retained the appearance of a knight's seat with broad moats and high walls. But then the vicar at that time had the earth fortifications removed and the western and southern moats filled in with the earth. Nevertheless, at the turn of the 20th century, as Kaplan Schwieters mentions, the earlier character of the house as a permanent knight's seat could still be recognized. After the First World War , the remaining moats were also filled in, so that nothing can be seen of the old purpose of the house.
The castle fell into disrepair and was demolished. Today there is nothing left of her.
Hövel Castle is the ancestral home of an extensive family. From it emerged: the lords of the noble houses Stockum , Lake , Geinegge , Werne and Beckedorf . All had a shield with two black or red cross bars as a coat of arms.
In addition, in old documents, members of the von Hövel family are named as castle men of the Count von der Mark at Mark Castle near Hamm .
Rothert in his Westphalian History (I, page 168) suspects that the Counts of Berg with their ancestral seat Altemberg an der Dhünm, who also called themselves von Huvili, had their original seat in Hövel Castle. This assumption is given more weight by the fact that Westerwinkel and Heessen belonged to the oldest possession of the Bergisch house.
State of preservation
There are no remains of Hövel Castle that could provide information about the type and structure of the castle. Only the coat of arms of those of Hövel is known. These had a silver coat of arms with two red block stripes, today's coat of arms of Bockum-Hövel.
literature
- Paul Leidinger: The time of the Counts of Werl (approx. 950–1124) , in: Amalie Rohrer / Hans-Jürgen Zacher (eds.), Werl. History of a Westphalian city. Volume 1. , Paderborn 1994, ISBN 3-87088-844-X .
- Helmut Richtering: Noble residences and manors in the area of the city of Hamm , in: Herbert Zink, 750 years of the city of Hamm , Hamm 1976.
- Willi Schroeder: A home book. Two districts introduce themselves. Bockum and Hövel , 1980.
- Reinhold Stirnberg: Before the Märker came , essay series in Active Seniors , issues 55–63.
- Fritz Schumacher, Hartmut Greilich: Bockum-Hövel. From history and local history , Hamm 1956, new edition 2002.