Burgstallkogel
| Burgstallkogel | ||
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 The Burgstallkogel seen from the Georgenberg to the west |
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| height | 458 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Styria , Austria | |
| Dominance | 1.8 km → Koglberg | |
| Notch height | 120 m ↓ liter host | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 44 ′ 52 " N , 15 ° 24 ′ 34" E | |
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| rock | Slate and limestone | |
| Age of the rock | Paleozoic | |
The Burgstallkogel , also called Grillkogel , is a hill rising 458 m above sea level at the confluence of the Sulm and Saggau rivers in southern Styria . It is located around 30 km south of Graz and 10 km southwest of Leibnitz between Gleinstätten and Kleinklein .
The hill, which stretches from west to east, contained one between 800 and 600 BC. Existing settlement. At the same time, the largest Iron Age necropolis in continental Europe was located around the hill . It consisted of at least 2000 burial mounds (tumuli). The plants were located on a trade route across the Koralpe towards Hungary. The settlement controlled this trade, tangible since the Neolithic , which also led to Italy, and could have exploited the iron ore deposits in the hill.
Digs
The first undocumented excavations took place in 1844. Some objects were presented to the public at the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873 . During the excavation in 1844, Hartnermichelkogel 1 was completely leveled when a house was being built. Eduard Pratobevera, a captain and archivist at the Landesmuseum Joanneum , carried out the first scientific excavation from 1856–1857, as did V. Radimský, Josef Szombathy and Wilhelm Gurlitt between 1881 and 1883 at the instigation of the Austro-Hungarian and the Styrian Anthropological Society. Further excavations followed during the First World War and in the 1930s.
The excavation work was not resumed until 1972. After that, amateur archaeologists caused considerable damage. 1982–1984 the first experimental excavations took place, during which four horizons were found. The ceramics ranged from the urn field culture to the middle Hallstatt culture (Ha B2 / 3 to Ha B3 / C1). The youngest layers were eroded, especially in the upper hills. The viticulture at the foot of the hill also prevented a comprehensive investigation.
Around 750 and around 700 BC The unfortified settlement was destroyed by fire and abandoned shortly after 600 BC. One of the burned down houses housed the largest vertical loom of the Hallstatt period, the weights of which have been preserved.
The dead were all cremated, some with their grave goods. Near the village of Kleinklein there was a large burial mound for higher-ranking people. The complex is an exception in that far more simple graves have been discovered here than for leading families.
The "Prince's Grave"
The hills of the groups often referred to as nobility were the Hartnermichelkogel I and II , the Pommerkogel and the youngest, the Kröllkogel . In addition to bronze vessels, they contained iron weapons. Etruscan tombs may have served as a model.
A last excavation from 1995 brought to light a large amount of ceramics that had hitherto been neglected, large amounts of which had been ritually smashed during the burials. In addition, two male and one female corpses could be detected, as well as a bronze sword, which was around 200 years old at that time and which was no longer suitable for combat. The central burial chamber measured 8 × 8 m, from which an original tumulus size of 40 m and a height of 12 m was concluded.
The original finds are exhibited in the Eggenberg Castle Archaeological Museum.
Bronze tin hands from the Kröllkogel in Kleinklein bei Großklein, early 6th century BC Chr.
Bronze mask from the Kröllkogel
museum
The museum in Großklein was created by converting a stable and was opened in 1990. Between 1999 and the beginning of 2003 it was expanded with an extension. In 2004, a house, a granary and a bakery were reconstructed on the western slope of the Burgstallkogel.
The museum
Bull head ceramics
reconstructed homestead on Burgstallkogel
reconstructed bakery on Burgstallkogel
literature
- Markus Egg , Diether Kramer : Warriors - Celebrations - Sacrifice. The last Prince of Hallstatt from Kleinklein in Styria. Mainz 2005. ISBN 3-88467-089-1
- Diether Kramer: From the prehistory and early history of the landscape between Sulm and Saggau. The Sulmtal necropolis. In: J. Riegler (Ed.): History of the market town of Gleinstätten . Riegler, Hausmannstätten / Graz 2004, 29 ff.
- Regina Smolnik : The Burgstallkogel at Kleinklein. II. The ceramics of the prehistoric settlement. LIT, Münster 1994. ISBN 978-3-8258-2286-6
- Claus Dobiat: The Burgstallkogel near Kleinklein I. The excavations in 1982 and 1984. Rahden / Westphalia 1990. ISBN 978-3-89646-125-4
