Frog snails

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Frog snails
Granular bursa, Reunion

Granular bursa , Reunion

Systematics
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Sorbeoconcha
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Partial order : Littorinimorpha
Superfamily : Cassoidea
Family : Frog snails
Scientific name
Bursidae
Thiele , 1925

The frog snails or pocket snails (Bursidae) are a rather small family of medium-sized to large, predatory marine snails . The frog snails are common in the Indo-Pacific , Atlantic , Caribbean and Mediterranean , mostly on coral reefs or rocks in shallow tropical waters and only rarely on sandy surfaces in deeper waters of the continental shelf.

features

The thick-walled, egg-shaped to somewhat elongated shells of the frog snails are roughly sculptured and thus resemble the houses of the Triton snails . Strong nodular patterns with more or less round knots appear at the intersection of the spiral ribs and the axial sculpture. The common name "frog snails" is attributed to the warty surface. The outer, warty lip of the case mouth is widened and turned over in several places, so that the impression of an internally serrated mouth rim is created. The inner lip is callous and folded across in several places. The houses have a well-developed front and rear canal. The siphonal canal in front is usually short, the anal canal a deep incision. The strong axial varices are often in two continuous rows per pedestal, which run down on both sides of the shell. The nucleus of the horny operculum is located approximately at the front end or at the middle inner edge. The periostracum is either thin or absent.

The band-shaped radula has 7 teeth in each row of teeth: one central tooth and one lateral tooth and two marginal teeth on each side. The central tooth is saddle-shaped with long basal members that have a pointed protrusion on the front side.

The eyes are at the base of their thread-like antennae. The foot is short and thick.

Like other front gill snails , the frog snails are separate sexes. The male mates with the female with a penis. The eggs are laid in a gel-like matrix and, in some cases, incubated by the mother with her foot. Free-swimming Veliger larvae hatch from the eggs and live as plankton until metamorphosis into a finished snail.

Spread and sample types

Most frog snail species are widespread in the Indo-Pacific , for example the up to 30 cm tall Tutufa bubo and the Tutufa bufo and Tutufa rubeta , which are less than half the size , as well as Bursa bufonia and Bufonaria rana . Other species occur in both the Indo-Pacific and western Atlantic and Caribbean , including Bursa granularis and Bursa rhodostoma . In the eastern Atlantic only two species are recorded, of which Aspa marginata lives only west of the Strait of Gibraltar and Bursa scrobilator is the only species of the family that also occurs in the Mediterranean .

Way of life

Frog snails live predatory mainly by Vielborstern and spray worms , which they with acidic saliva from their extendable distally flattened proboscis paralyze of sea squirts and echinoderms , including sea urchins , feather stars and brittle stars , but also carrion .

Systematics

Millard (1997) and Riedel (2000) place the family Bursidae in the superfamily Cassoidea .

The following genera belong to the Bursidae family:

literature

  • Frank Riedel (1995): An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol. 32 (4), pp. 97-132.
  • AG Beu (1998): Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). A monograph of the New Caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 178, pp. 1–255.
  • IO Alyakrinskaya: Morphofunctional Properties of Nutrition of Certain Predatory Gastropods. Biology Bulletin 29 (6), November 2002. ISSN 1062-3590
  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005. ISSN 0076-2997
  • Victor Millard: Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca . Rhine Road, South Africa 1997, ISBN 0-620-21261-6 .
  • Winston Ponder & David Lindberg, Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119: 83-265, London 1997. ISSN 0024-4082

Web links

Commons : Frog Snails (Bursidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Fischhaus Zepkow: Family Bursidae - frog snails
  • Bursidae. From: JM Poutiers: Gastropods . In: Kent E. Carpenter, Volker H. Niem (Eds.): FAO Species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1: Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1998. pp. 549-552.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ JR Houbrick, V. Fretter (1969): Some aspects of the functional anatomy and biology of Cymatium and Bursa. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 38, pp. 415-429.
  2. ^ Neville Coleman: A Field Guide to Australian Marine Life. Rigby, 1977. p. 91.
  3. ^ Frank Riedel (1995): An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol. 32 (4), pp. 97-132, here p. 101.
  4. ↑ Underwater Kwajalein: Family Bursidae - Bursa rhodostoma (Sowerby, 1835) (...) eating an Echinothrix urchin , August 10, 2010 / September 12, 2011; Tutufa rubeta (Linnaeus, 1758) (...) feasting on a crinoid , August 10, 2010 / May 20, 2012; Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798) (...) eating the arm of a brittle star , August 10, 2010 / September 20, 2013; accessed on April 18, 2018.
  5. ^ Graham Blackmore: Trace metals in the sublittoral epibenthic Bufonaria rana (Gastropoda: Bursidae) from the Southeastern waters of Hong Kong. In: Brian Morton: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 2000. pp. 435–454, here: p. 436.
  6. ^ Arthur William Baden Powell : New Zealand Mollusca . William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979. ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  7. ↑ Tiziano Cossignani: Bursidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona 1994. 119 pages. ISBN 88-86070-09-8
  8. ^ Beu AG: Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia . In: Scripta Geologica . 130, 2005, pp. 1-186.