CDK inhibitor 2A
| CDK inhibitor 2A | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 156 amino acids | |
| Secondary to quaternary structure | Heterodimer with CDK4 / 6 | |
| Isoforms | 4th | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | CDKN2A ; CDK4I, p16-INK4 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Vertebrates | |
The CDK inhibitor 2A (abbreviation for cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A , also p16 ) is a protein in mammals that regulates the cell cycle through its strong binding to the enzymes CDK4 and CDK6 . It is expressed in all tissue types in humans except the brain and skeletal muscles . Mutations in CDKN2A - gene are used for the occurrence of multiple hereditary melanoma types and partly for the Li-Fraumeni syndrome blamed. In particular, the lack of inhibition of the CDK4 protein kinase leads to the cell cycle no longer being able to be stopped in the G 1 phase: the cell becomes a tumor.
p16 mutations, but also reduced p16 expression due to DNA methylation of the CDKN2A gene, are also involved in the development of pleural mesothelioma , squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer , which in turn makes the use of pharmaceutical CDK inhibitors appear sensible in these cases.
In 2010, a study on two thousand patients showed for the first time that smoking increases the risk of DNA methylation of the CDKN2A gene fourfold after a short time .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Homologues at HOVERGEN ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ UniProt P42771
- ↑ Sridhar J, Akula N, Pattabiraman N: Selectivity and potency of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors . In: AAPS J . 8, No. 1, 2006, pp. E204-21. doi : 10.1208 / aapsj080125 . PMID 16584130 . PMC 2751441 (free full text).
- ↑ Chung CT, Santos Gda C, Hwang DM, et al. : FISH assay development for the detection of p16 / CDKN2A deletion in malignant pleural mesothelioma . In: J. Clin. Pathol. . 63, No. 7, July 2010, pp. 630-4. doi : 10.1136 / jcp.2010.076794 . PMID 20591913 .
- ↑ Kordi-Tamandani DM, Moazeni-Roodi A, Rigi Ladez MA, Hashemi M, Birjandian E, Torkamanzehi A: Analysis of methylation patterns and expression profiles of p14ARF gene in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma . In: Int. J. Biol. Markers . 25, No. 2, 2010, pp. 99-103. PMID 20586029 .
- ↑ : Ayhan S, Isisag A, Saruc M, Nese N, Demir MA, NT Kucukmetin The role of pRB, p16 and cyclin D1 in colonic carcinogenesis . In: Hepatogastroenterology . 57, No. 98, 2010, pp. 251-6. PMID 20583423 .
- ↑ Study reveals cancer-linked epigenetic effects of smoking. In: eurekalert.org. AAAS , October 9, 2010, accessed February 15, 2017 .
Web links
- Association of INK4A with Cdk4 / 6. In: reactome.org. EBI, accessed October 7, 2010 .