Ca trù
| Ca-trù singing | |
|---|---|
Intangible cultural heritage 
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| State (s): |
 Vietnam
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| List: | Intangible cultural heritage in need of conservation |
| Number: | 00309 |
| Admission: | 2009 |
Ca Tru (歌 籌) is a form of sung poetry of Vietnamese music , as it has been practiced there in the north since the 11th century.
In 2009, Ca Tru was added to the list of intangible cultural assets by UNESCO that urgently need protection because the musicians of Ca Tru are mostly older and their number is declining.
history
Ca Tru was officially created under the Ly dynasty in the 11th century. At first it was played at the royal court and at religious rites. It was stylistically a symbol of the ruling upper class. The general population found no access to Ca Tru; this was more drawn to the style of Hát chèo , a type of Minnesong that was also widespread in small restaurants and at various events such as banquets or weddings. The castanets similar instruments from bamboo were the main instrument and the audience accompanied the singer with drums.
It was not until the 15th century that Ca Tru broke away from the caste system and became more widespread among the population of North Vietnam. For example, the artists were called in to praise the birth of a son.
In the 19th century, when Vietnam came under French colonization , the Ca Tru underwent a significant change. After the distinguished customers who had a higher level of education and who collaborated with the French government, a new social class of Vietnam was formed. Their relatives were wealthy, but had no higher education and, since Ca Tru was usually played by a single woman, the performances there resembled more and more those of a geisha . The new consumers did not have much art understanding for the Ca Tru and were more fascinated by the sexual charisma of the performers. Ca Tru gradually developed into a form of prostitution .
In the 20th century, the Ca Trù initially disappeared into insignificance when the Communist Party of Vietnam came to power in 1945 after the August Revolution . Ca Trù was systematically suppressed as linked to prostitution. In Indochina War and the Vietnam War , it fell almost into oblivion.
It was not until 1976 that the traditional form of Ca Tru was occasionally brought back to life.
Style of play
Today, Ca Tru is usually performed by trios , a singer and two musicians. With a high, pressed voice, certain breathing techniques and vibrato, the singer produces unique sound ornaments while beating a bamboo tube phách with two sticks.
Many of Ca Tru's texts were written by poets Chu Mạnh Trinh , Nguyen Cong Tru , Tu Xuong , Duong Khue and Tan Da . The two instrumentalists accompany the singer with the three-string, plucked long-necked lute đàn đáy and the small, vertical cylinder drum trống chầu , which is struck with a stick. Some Ca Tru performances include dances.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Ca Tru catruthanglong.com ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Description from Ca Tru Association Thang Long
- ↑ a b c d UNESCO : Ca Tru Gesang ( Memento from February 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ " The Exotic Sounds of Ca Tru ", ThingsAsian.com .
