Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Systematics
Domain :	Bacteria (bacteria)
Class :	Flavobacteriia
Order :	Flavobacteriales
Family :	Flavobacteriaceae
Genre :	Capnocytophaga
Type :	Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Scientific name
	Capnocytophaga canimorsus
	Brenner et al. 1990

Capnocytophaga canimorsus ( Latin canimorsus , dog bite ) is a gram-negative , rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Capnocytophaga thatoccurs normally in the mouths of dogs and cats.

Medical importance

Harmless to the animal, Capnocytophaga canimorsus can in rare cases lead to infections in humans after dog bites . Since its discovery in 1976, current estimates are one case per million people. These rare infections (such as wound infections) are described in over 160 medical reports with gangrene , blood poisoning ( bacteremia or sepsis ), meningitis or endocarditis , an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. In more than 60 percent of the known cases, patients with a weakened immune system , removed spleen or alcohol abuse were affected. If detected early, infections can be treated efficiently with various antibiotics . In 2014, a death after a dog bite and subsequent infection with C. canimorsus was described, in 2018 a man from Bremen died as a result of the infection in his dog's saliva.

Ampicillin , amoxicillin , ampicillin sulbactam and amoxicillin clavulanic acid are suitable for antibiotic therapy . Alternatively also clindamycin , doxycycline and moxifloxacin as well as imipenem and meropenem .

Molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity

C. canimorsus is a little researched pathogen, but it has already been shown that C. canimorsus is neither recognized nor phagocytosed by macrophages . There is no inflammatory reaction that would be necessary for an immune defense . The bacteria can feed on special sugar residues on the surface of mammalian cells . These properties could have resulted from the bacteria adapting to their natural environment in the mammalian mouth. When transmitted into human blood, the bacteria could therefore multiply largely undetected, which contributes to their pathogenicity .

literature

Don J. Brenner, DG Hollis, GR Fanning, RE Weaver: Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. (formerly CDC group DF-2), a cause of septicemia following dog bite, and C. cynodegmi sp. nov., a cause of localized wound infection following dog bite. In: J Clin Microbiol. 27, 1989, pp. 231-235.
C. Lion, F. Escande, JC Burdin: Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections in human: review of the literature and cases report. In: Eur J Epidemiol. 12, 1996, pp. 521-533.
DM Tierney, LP Strauss, JL Sanchez: Capnocytophaga canimorsus mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm: why the mailman is afraid of dogs. In: J Clin Microbiol. 44, 2006, pp. 649-651.
H. Shin, M. Mally, M. Kuhn, C. Paroz, GR Cornelis: Escape from immune surveillance by Capnocytophaga canimorsus. In: J Infect Dis . 195, 2007, pp. 375-386.
S. Meyer, H. Shin, GR Cornelis: Capnocytophaga canimorsus resists phagocytosis by macrophages and blocks the ability of macrophages to kill other bacteria. In: Immunobiology. 213 (9-10), 2008, pp. 805-814.
M. Mally, H. Shin, C. Paroz, R. Landmann, GR Cornelis: Capnocytophaga canimorsus: A Human Pathogen Feeding at the Surface of Epithelial Cells and Phagocytes. In: PLoS Pathogens . 4 (9), 2008, p. E1000164. doi: 10.1371 / journal.ppat.1000164
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 10-2014. A 45-year-old man with a rash. In: N Engl J Med. , 370 (13), 27 Mar 2014, pp. 1238-1248.

Web links

Case reports:

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 261.
^ N Engl J Med. , 370 (13), Mar 27, 2014, pp. 1238-1248.
↑ Bacterium in saliva: dog licks man's face - a little later he's dead! , on mdr.de. Retrieved November 28, 2019.

[abe261-1] A ^b Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 261.

[2] N Engl J Med. , 370 (13), Mar 27, 2014, pp. 1238-1248.

[3] Bacterium in saliva: dog licks man's face - a little later he's dead! , on mdr.de. Retrieved November 28, 2019.