Carthamus dentatus
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| ( Forssk. ) Vahl |
Carthamus dentatus is a thistle-like species of the genus Carthamus . It grows as a "weed" ( ruderal plant) in the eastern Mediterranean region.
description
Carthamus dentatus is an annual plant ( therophyte ). Their stems and leaves are hairy woolly or shaggy-cobweb-like and also covered with glandular hair. The "stalked" stem leaves are lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, pinnate or pinnate and densely covered with thorns at the edge .
The flower heads have an elongated egg-shaped shape. Their inner bracts end in dry-skinned, ovate-lanceolate appendages that are serrated on the edge. The crown of the tubular flowers is light purple to pink-purple in color. The fruits ( achenes ) are broadly inverted-pyramidal and have a pappus of long brown, linear, ciliate scales that are at least twice as long as the achenes.
The flowering period in Crete extends from July to September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20 or 40.
Occurrence
Carthamus dentatus occurs from the eastern Mediterranean region to western Iran. It is proven in Sicily, Greece (including Crete and the East Aegean Islands), Bulgaria, Macedonia, Turkey (European and Asian part), Cyprus, Syria and Iran.
In Crete, it occurs in vineyards, on roadsides, on fallow land and on dry, stony pastures at altitudes of 0 to 1000 meters.
Systematics
External system
The genus Carthamus is a difficult genus of the Mediterranean region, which is partly unclearly demarcated from related genera, which extends east to Central Asia. The species Carthamus dentatus is, depending on the author, placed in the section Odontagnathius ( DC. ) Hanelt , or this is, together with others, a broad section Atractylis Rchb. attributed (which then roughly corresponds to the earlier genus Kentrophyllum Neck. ex DC. ). The species has a diploid set of chromosomes with 2n = 2x = 20 chromosomes, which sets it apart from other species with a chromosome principle of x = 11 or x = 12 and allopolyploid (caused by hybridization with chromosome doubling) types of the kinship. Although hybrids with the cultivated plant safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ) are rarely reported, it is not particularly closely related to it, it does not belong as a parent to one of the polyploid clans.
Internal system
This species was first described by Pehr Forsskål in 1775 under the Basionym Cnicus dentatus . Martin Vahl placed them in the genus Carthamus in 1790 .
There are two subspecies. The chromosome number of both subspecies is 2n = 20. Some systematists suspect two separate species, but so far the findings are not sufficient for a formal division of the species.
- Carthamus dentatus subsp. dentate . The plant is densely glandular, with dense woolly, cobweb-like hairs, the leaves are therefore greyish in color. The outer bracts of the flower heads are less than one and a half times as long as the inner ones, upright or slightly protruding, and with short thorns. The inner pappus scales are usually shorter than the outer ones. This subspecies occurs from northern Greece to western Iran.
- Carthamus dentatus subsp. ruber ( Link ) Hanelt (Syn .: Carthamus ruber Link ). The plant is loosely glandular, with sparse shaggy, cobweb-like hairs, the leaves can be greyish or green in color. The outer bracts of the flower heads are at least twice as long as the inner, protruding or curved outward, and long spines. The inner pappus scales are usually the same length as the outer ones. This subspecies is widespread in southern Greece, on the islands of the Aegean Sea including Crete as well as on the west coast of Anatolia and Cyprus.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Peter Hanelt: 143. Carthamus. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 302 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b c Ralf Jahn, Peter Schönfelder: Excursion flora for Crete . With contributions by Alfred Mayer and Martin Scheuerer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1995, ISBN 3-8001-3478-0 , p. 330 .
- ↑ Carthamus dentatus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). Carthamus dentatus. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin from 2006.
- ↑ Vrijendra Singh, N. Nimbkar: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). In: Ram J. Singh (Ed.): Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement Volume 4: Oilseed Crops. CRC Press (Taylor & Francis), Boca Raton / London / New York 2006, ISBN 0-8493-3639-2 , pp. 174-177.
- ↑ Pehr Forsskål: Flora ægyptiaco-arabica: Sive Descriptiones plantarum, quas per Egyptum inferiorem et Arabiam Felicem detexit, illustravit Peter Forskål . Edited posthumously by Carsten Niebuhr. Möller, Copenhagen 1775, p. 217 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Martin Vahl: Symbolae Botanicae. Pars great. Nicolaus Möller et filius, Copenhagen, p. 69 , panel XVII .
- ↑ CCDB Chromosome Counts Database. Carthamus dentatus .
- ^ A b F. K. Kupicha: Carthamus. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 5 (Compositae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1975, ISBN 0-85224-280-8 , pp. 593 .