Cemaleddin chaplain

Logo of the Kaplans organization

Cemaleddin Kaplan (* 1926 in İspir , Erzurum ; † May 15, 1995 in Cologne ) was the founder of the Caliphate State organization . Kaplan propagated a rigid fundamentalist Islam and became known nationwide as the “ Chomeini of Cologne”. He is the father of Metin Kaplan . In the Turkish press he was considered a "black voice" (Kara Ses) .

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Kaplan was born in İspir in the Turkish province of Erzurum in 1926 . He attended elementary and middle school and, after completing his military service, he went to high school as an external student. At the age of 40 he graduated from Ankara University's Theological College and worked as a supervisory officer and as head of the personnel department at Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı , the Turkish religious authority. Until 1981 Kaplan was a mufti in Adana. In the 1977 parliamentary elections, Kaplan ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Turkish parliament on the list of the National Salvation Party (MSP) . After the military coup in Turkey in 1980 , Kaplan was put into temporary retirement at the instigation of the State of Emergency Administration.

Kaplan then went to Germany at the request of Necmettin Erbakan . There he received political asylum and joined the “Association of the New World View in Europe” (AMGT), part of the Millî-Görüş movement in Erbakan. In 1983, Cemaleddin Kaplan separated from Milli Görüş because their efforts to come to power through a political party and democratic elections were not compatible with Islam. In Islam there is only the party of God ( Hizb Allah ) and its adversary, the party of Satan ( Hizb al-Shaytan ). The way to take power does not lead through democratic elections, but through the proclamation of the divine message ( tebliğ ). Kaplan had his followers distribute a 17-page announcement in front of Barbaros Camii in Cologne . Kaplan left AMGT after physical disputes. About half of the clubs and mosques followed him. Kaplan then founded the "Association of Islamic Associations and Communities eV" ( İslamî Cemiyetler ve Cemaatler Birliği , ICCB) in Cologne on November 25, 1984 .

At an event in honor of Kaplan in 1993, the German convert to Islam, Andreas Abu Bakr Rieger, publicly “regretted” in front of hundreds of listeners that the Germans had not completely destroyed the Jews: “Like the Turks, we Germans have often in history for a good cause fought, although I have to admit that my grandfathers were not very thorough with our common main enemy. "

Kaplan rejected the surname Kaplan ("Tiger") as un-Islamic and called himself Hocaoğlu ("Son of Hodschas"). In 1994 he referred to his association as the “Caliphate State ” ( Hilafet Devleti ) and declared himself the caliph and “ruler of the believers” in the Cologne Association's Mosque ( Ulu Camii ) . In 1995 Kaplan died in Cologne. His son Metin Kaplan was appointed as his successor .

ideology

True Islam

Kaplan represented a rigid Islam of medieval character. In his view there are only four true Islamic movements: the Muslim Brotherhood , the Afghan mujahideen , the revolutionary movement in Iran and the Association of Kaplans .

Koranic models

Kaplan illustrated his entire worldview with Koranic figures and terms. Important figures and terms are

• Taghut , the Koranic idol
• Pharaoh, the tyrannical ruler and Koranic adversary Moses
• Karun, the biblical Korach , who supports the Pharaoh with his money in the Koran, as a symbol of the depraved capitalist
• Haman, the Quranic henchman of the Pharaoh
• Nemrut , according to Islamic tradition, a ruler who allowed himself to be worshiped as a god and delivered Abraham to fire (Koran 21: 68-69)
• Bel'am , a figure not named in the Koran, stands for the religious scholar who is part of the godless system.

Kaplan's thinking is characterized by a dichotomy . The history of mankind is seen as a battle between good and evil, a battle between Allah and Şeytan , God and Satan, between hak and batıl , the true and the futile , between iman and küfür , belief and disbelief, between tevhid and şirk , monotheism and polytheism, between müstekbirler and müstazaflar , oppressors and oppressed and between the Hezbollah and the Hizbüşşeytan , the "party of God" and the "party of Satan".

Enemy images

Cemaleddin Kaplan considered the Turkish War of Independence to be a "game played out by Jews and Freemasons" with the aim of harming Islam. Mustafa Kemal was assigned the lead role in this production, as a hero was needed whom the people would revere to such an extent that no one could dare to speak out against him. In this way the enemy achieved what he had not succeeded in several crusades for centuries.

Kaplan's path to power

The way to an Islamic state should first be prepared by proclamation ( tebliğ ). Later, on the model of the Iranian revolution, the violent coup was supposed to take place, in which 50,000 Hodjas were to rise. When the time is right, the youth must "crush everyone". Then God would "let the fist of true religion rush down on the heads of the vain and tear their brains to pieces". Those who could not wait for the armed struggle until the next phase should be granted their wish - according to Kaplan in an internal circular - "in the honorable struggle of our brothers, the Afghan mujahedeen" to take their place. Kaplan strictly follows the example of the Prophet Mohammed . He also proclaimed God's message secretly and later openly. After the hijra , Mohammed initially only defended himself and only later led the jihad against the infidels.

Understanding of the state

According to Kaplan's understanding of the state, rulership could only come from God. He raised the Koran to the rank of a constitution. He also called for the consistent introduction of Islamic law . Kaplan distinguishes between five different forms of government in his Mesajlar .

1. The caliphate
2. The sultanate
3. The secular system of Turkey
4. The secular system of western character
5. The communist system

Only with the caliphate can it be guaranteed that the executive is completely in the hands of religion. The rule of the Prophet Mohammed and the epoch of the four “rightly guided caliphs” stand for Kaplan as a representative of this form of government. For Kaplan, the backwardness of the Islamic world was due to the fact that Muslims deviated from true Islam. Kaplan formulates the solution as follows:

You betrayed and sold people! There is only one way to salvation. This consists in a return to the Koran, in a return to Islam. It consists of tearing down idols and idolatrous laws, making the Koran a constitution, Sharia law, and the state an Islamic state. Then there will be neither poverty nor exile, neither oppression nor despotism, neither anarchy nor tears.

In Kaplan's state, the caliph, like the Iranian Guardian Council , should be elected by a body of Islamic scholars ( ehl-i hall vel'akd ). The caliph would then have the task of checking whether the state institutions were working in accordance with Islamic law. The subjects are obliged to obey the caliph. Kaplan gives shura , advice, a high priority . However, topics on which a Quranic verse or tradition already contained binding statements should never be the subject of discussion.

The Islamic Constitution

In the mid-1980s, Kaplan drafted a constitution for the future Islamic state "by hand". This constitution was literally consistent with the constitution of Iran in essential points . The constitution included a. the following provisions:

• Islam is the basis of all political, social and economic institutions of the state (Art. 3).
• Arabic is being introduced as a compulsory subject in all schools.
• The executive's maxim for action is Sunni teaching (Art. 10).
• No Muslim may be exempted from complying with the Islamic provisions (Article 11).
• The Islamic lunar and sun calendar [sic] is introduced (Art. 38). The authorities follow the solar calendar.
• Separation of the sexes is mandatory except when shopping or during the pilgrimage (Art. 40).
• In addition to the public and private sectors, "mutual aid institutions" should be set up (Art. 50)
• Muslims pay the zakat , non-Muslims the jizya (Art. 60).
• Sources of income for the state: booty handed over by unbelievers without a fight, poll tax, tribute payments, tithe, one fifth of the value of excavated treasures and the alms tax.
• The parliament is called Şura Meclisi , consultative assembly (Art. 141).
• A “Council for the Protection of the Constitution” is set up (Art. 154).

Freedom and emancipation

Citizens should be granted the following freedoms: freedom of conscience, purchase of property, choice of profession, academic training in Islamic schools, information, and freedom of travel and the freedom to marry. Kaplan rejects discrimination based on race, skin color or origin. The woman has the same rights as the man, but one has to disregard some matters which are based on the mental and physical structure of the woman. Since she is particularly “valuable and sensitive”, the woman must be protected like a rose from being “picked or seen” by strangers. The real job of women is to marry and give birth to children. The wife must obey her husband and must not leave the house without his consent.

literature

• Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (Chaplain): Mesajlar . Cologne 1409 H. (= 1988)
• Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (Chaplain): Tebliğ Mahiyetinde Açık Mektuplar . Cologne 1986
• Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (Chaplain): Tebliğ ve Metod . Cologne 1409 H. (= 1988)
• Cemaleddin Kaplan: Çocuklarla Dini Sohbetler 1. İman . Ankara no year
• Cemaleddin Kaplan: Çocuklarla Dini Sohbetler 2. İslam . Ankara no year
• Cemaleddin Chaplain: Çocuklarla Dini Sohbetler 3. Peygamberimizin Hayatı . Ankara no year
• Cemaleddin Chaplain: İslam'da Sakal ve Kılık-Kıyafet . Ankara no year
• Cemaleddin Kaplan: İslam'ın Resim ve Heykel Hakkındaki Hükümleri . Ankara no year
• Cemaleddin Kaplan: İslam'ın Temel Hükümleri . Ankara no year
• Uğur Mumcu: Rabita . Ankara 1987
• Karl Binswanger and Fethi Sipahioğlu: Turkish-Islamic Associations as a Factor of German-Turkish Coexistence. Benediktbeuern 1988
• Tahir Hacıkadiroğlu: Chaplain Dosyası . Ankara 1987

Web links

• Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia to Cemaleddin Kaplan
• Homepage of the organization Kaplans

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Milliyet, January 19, 1987
2. ↑ File No. 8972 in the Cologne register of associations
3. ↑ Rainer Traub: Die Glaubens-Wechsler , Spiegel-Special No. 2/2008, page 94ff
4. ^ Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (chaplain): Tebliğ ve Metod. Cologne 1409 H., p. 154
5. ↑ Read up in: Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (Kaplan): Tebliğ Mahiyetinde Açık Mektuplar. Cologne 1986, p. 158
6. ↑ Uğur Mumcu: Rabıta . Ankara 1987, p. 24
7. ^ Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (chaplain): Tebliğ Mahiyetinde Açık Mektuplar . Cologne 1986, p. 127
8. ^ Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (chaplain): Tebliğ Mahiyetinde Açık Mektuplar . Cologne 1986, p. 153
9. ↑ Facsimile of this letter in: Tahir Hacıkadiroğlu: Kaplan Dosyası . Ankara 1987, p. 148
10. ^ Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (chaplain): Tebliğ ve Metod. Cologne 1409 H., p. 30
11. ↑ Cemaleddin Kaplan: Mesajlar . Cologne 1409 H., pp. 9-12
12. ^ Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (chaplain): Tebliğ Mahiyetinde Açık Mektuplar. Cologne 1986, p. 166
13. ^ Cemaleddin Hocaoğlu (chaplain): Mesajlar. Cologne 1409 H., p. 226f.
14. ↑ Cemaleddin Kaplan: İslam'ın Temel Hükümleri. Ankara n.d., p. 150f.
15. ↑ Cemaleddin Kaplan: İslam'ın Temel Hükümleri. Ankara n.d., p. 53f.
16. ↑ Cemaleddin Kaplan: İslam'ın Temel Hükümleri. Ankara undated, pp. 161ff.