Centralværkstedet Aarhus
The Centralværkstedet Aarhus in Denmark Aarhus was in 1862 as a railway workshop opened and in 1867 the main workshop of state Jysk-Fyenske Jernbaner determined. The partial closure of the workshop began in 1990, the final shutdown took place in 2009. The buildings are either used for other purposes or have been demolished.
history
After the construction of the first railway line in Jutland, the Randers – Aarhus railway line , the workshop was built in 1862 by the British consortium Peto, Brassey and Betts and operated by Det danske Jernbane-Driftsselskab .
During the German-Danish War from February 1 to October 30, 1864 , the workshop was almost idle. After the peace treaty, Jutland's rail network grew rapidly, which brought orders. With the use of rail ferries over the Little Belt in 1872 and over the Great Belt in 1883, Denmark got a coherent network.
In 1867 the state took over the consortium with all of its railway lines and the workshop. Until the takeover, the workshop was run by the English. This became the main workshop of the company called Jysk-Fyenske Jernbaner from then on . In 1880 the state took over the private Sjællandske Jernbaneselskab , which was renamed De Sjællandske Statsbaner . The company name was changed after the Danish state decided that the company should remain in state hands. The expansion of the rail network was continued under the state company. This and the Jysk-Fyenske Jernbaner remained independent organizations under state control despite the establishment of the Danske Statsbaner (DSB) in 1885 . It took until 1892 for the mechanical engineering departments to finally merge.
The workshop in Aarhus was named Centralværkstedet ( German Zentralwerkstatt ) and received the status of the main workshop for maintenance and repairs for the Jysk-fynske district . It had already proven its position as an important workshop for Jutland and Funen in the 1870s.
In 1930 the DSB had around 750 locomotives and multiple units and almost 15,000 wagons, mainly freight cars . About half of this was assigned to the central workshop in Aarhus, which carried out repairs on around 7,000 to 8,000 wagons and repaired around 250 locomotives every year. In addition to maintenance and repair work, vehicle conversions were carried out, with the workshop largely producing all spare parts and special tools itself.
execution
The workshops were located in the area between the main train station and the bathing establishment on the street Spain . The buildings were designed as a three-wing complex with offices, a forge and a special parts workshop. The two-story administration building was in a garden.
The workshop, which hardly differs from a conventional storage facility, and the hall construction that housed the first locomotive workshop, both from 1862, as well as the so-called Siberia building, a brick hall built between 1870 and 1880, have been preserved. The latter has two rows of brick arches in the interior that carried an overhead crane.
The bogie workshop is a brick building and was built in 1883. It is one of the oldest surviving buildings in Denmark. In this building, which originally had no overhead traveling cranes as a locomotive workshop, the locomotives were lifted using mechanical jacks. The car workshop from 1911 and 1932 is a reinforced concrete hall that was expanded in the period after the First World War . The administration building is clearly proportioned.
The buildings have been added to the list of listed buildings in Denmark.
Second World War
The large amount of damage to the railway network during the German occupation from 1940 to 1945 and the necessity of major repairs due to a lack of materials after the war resulted in an extraordinarily high demand for workers in the first years after the liberation.
The closure of many railway lines after 1945 meant that the workload for the workshop became less. In addition, DSB concentrated part of the work in Centralværkstedet København at the expense of the workshop in Aarhus . This led to falling employment in Aarhus. When the supply of materials improved and the old, high-maintenance steam locomotives were replaced by new diesel locomotives in the 1950s , the need for labor decreased.
Number of workers and working conditions
The workshop employed around 100 workers in 1867, around 300 in 1880 and around 750 in 1900. Around 1,000 people were employed in the 1920s; the peak with over 1,850 employees was reached in 1949. After that, the number slowly fell through natural fluctuation and the almost complete lack of new hires.
In the early 1980s there were between 700 and 800 employees, ten years later there were around 450.
In the beginning there was a shortage of space and primitive, unhealthy and harsh working conditions. The working week was originally more than 60 hours and was reduced to 48 hours in 1919. In 1892 a pension system was introduced.
From the expansion of the closure
The painter's workshop burned down in 1868. The establishment of a new and larger workshop in its place marked the beginning of a long series of expansions. After 1884 the work area expanded from Spain to Jægergårdsgade. In 1909 the construction of the freight yard with the associated marshalling yard began. A branch was built there in 1927, which was expanded several times in the following years.
In the 1950s, diesel locomotives replaced steam locomotives with less maintenance. When the still existing branch lines were closed again around 1970, additional areas of responsibility were relocated to Copenhagen. In the late 1980s, the workshop could no longer be fully utilized. In 1990 there were only three departments with 450 employees, the locomotive workshop, the conversion department and component production. The locomotive workshop was relocated to Sonnesgade, where the depot has been located since 1925. The workshop closed in 1990 and ended in 2009. The last 160 employees were given other jobs.
Current condition
The properties with around 16,000 m² were put up for sale.
Since the DSB had applied for a demolition permit in 1991, which was not approved, most of the buildings were retained during the conversion for new use. The DGI-Huset Aarhus sports center set up four halls in 2003. DGI-Huset has been using the two lower floors of Baumannhuset since 2007, where the workshop administration was previously. In other halls, department stores and shops as well as the Centralværkstedet conference center have been set up, which is decorated with historical photos from the early years of the central workshop. The Spanish car workshop was demolished in 2014.
Web links
- Centralværkstedet. AarhusWiki, accessed March 9, 2019 (Danish).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Centralværkstederne. Fredningssag. Slots- og Kulturstyrelsen, accessed on March 9, 2019 (Danish).
- ↑ Traditional arbejdsplads lukker. In: jyllands-posten.dk. April 15, 2009, accessed March 9, 2019 (Danish).
- ↑ Mødefaciliteter i rustikke omgivelser. In: centralvaerkstedet.dk. Retrieved March 9, 2019 (Danish).
- ↑ HENNING MØLLER: Nyt mødested i Aarhus. Centralværkstedet bliver konferencecenter. tv2oj.dk, March 5, 2012, accessed March 9, 2019 (Danish).
Coordinates: 56 ° 8 ′ 55.9 ″ N , 10 ° 12 ′ 26.3 ″ E