Chalcophora detrita
| Chalcophora detrita | ||||||||||||
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Chalcophora detrita marani |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Chalcophora detrita | ||||||||||||
| ( Klug , 1829) |
Chalcophora detrita is a beetle from the family of the jewel beetle and the subfamily Buprestinae . The genus Chalcophora is represented in Europe with three species , the species Chalcophora detrita with the nominate form Chalcophora detrita detrita and the subspecies Chalcophora detrita marani . Novak described another subspecies Chalcophora detrita margotana from Cyprus in2002. Chalcophora detrita is absent in north, west and central Europe.
Some authors also classify the subspecies Chalcophora mariana massiliensis and Chalcophora mariana maura as species.
Notes on the name
The beetle was first described by Klug in 1829 under the name Buprestis detrita . It was found in Syria on a trip by Ehrenberg and Hemprich through North Africa and West Asia . The description contains the characteristic elytra obsolete striata, foveolis duabus planis ( lat. The wing covers are obsolete striped, with two flat pits). This explains the species name detrītus (Latin abraded): the wing covers are much less sculpted than the otherwise very similar species Chalcophora mariana .
The genus name Chalcophora appears without a description in the Dejean beetle catalog in 1833 and is described by Solier in the same year . In both cases, Serville is named as the namesake and in both cases the name is not explained. According to Schenkling , he is from old Gr. χαλκός "chalkós" for "ore" and φορός "phorós" for "carrying" derived and alludes to the glory of the beetle. However, in Chalcophora detrita this is at most weakly developed.
Characteristics of the beetle
 Fig. 1: Top view ♂ |
 Fig. 2: Top view ♀ |
 Fig. 3: Bottom ♂ |
 Fig. 4: side view |
 Fig. 5: Front view |
 Fig. 6: Pointed elytra |
 Fig. 7: Anal sternite ♀ |
 Fig. 8: Anal sternite ♂ |
 Fig. 9: Detail from the underside |
 Fig. 10: Upper jaw, see text |
 Fig. 11: Prosternum, above tinted blue: Front hip green: Mid breast yellow: Mid hip red dashed: row of dots |
 Fig. 12: Mouthparts anterior, right tinted; red: lower jaw yellow: lip button green: jaw button blue: upper jaw |
 Fig. 13: Front view |
 Fig. 14: Detail of the wing cover below, tinted yellow: wing cover seam blue: ribs green: intervals |
The beetle reaches a length of 30 to 38 millimeters and a width of 9.5 to fourteen millimeters. In addition to its considerable size, it differs from the other two European species of the genus in that the pronotum is significantly more sculpted on the sides than the relatively smooth wing-coverts , while in the other species the wing-coverts are also strikingly sculpted. The beetle is black to black-brown on top. Shortly after hatching, it is white or yellow dusted, but the coating is easily rubbed off and is later only found in the depressions.
The head is conspicuously wrinkled lengthways and clearly furrowed lengthways in the middle. It has two indistinct longitudinal ribs and is roughly dotted . The oval, finely faceted eyes are moderately protruding. The eleven-segment antennae are long, slender and only slightly sawn.
Figures 10 and 12 show the mouthparts . The upper lip is cut out in front. The jaw probes (green in Fig. 12) are four-limbed, long and thin, the first and last limb is shorter than the two middle limbs. The last link of the three-part lip probe (just visible in yellow in Fig. 12 on the right) is conical and longer and thinner than the second. According to Calwer , the upper jaws of Chalcophora are strongly curved and four-toothed, the two central teeth are very small. However, this needs to be clarified. The inside of the upper jaw is so deeply hollowed out that both the upper edge, the front edge and the lower edge are designed as cutting edges. The two upper jaws, especially with regard to the teeth, are not exactly mirror images and the teeth are worn out with age. In Figure 10, the left upper jaw is shown from above / front on the left, the right upper jaw in the same position in the middle and the left upper jaw from below on the right, all three slightly tilted so that the cutting edges are clearly visible. The yellow arrowhead points to the upper edge, the green arrowhead to the front edge and the blue arrowhead to the lower edge. One can see a tooth on the front cutting edge, which is unequal in the right and left upper jaw. Calver is obviously referring to the lower cutting edge, which only becomes fully visible when dissecting. In the copy shown on the right, the middle teeth are very well developed, in the copy shown on the left and in the middle the teeth of the front cutting edge are already quite worn.
The pronotum (Fig. 13) is square and longer than it is wide, it is concave behind the eyes and broadly convex (double-concave) between these indentations. The front angles are pointed. Laterally, the pronotum is slightly convexly rounded in the first third, then it runs straight back and is slightly bordered. The back angles are roughly right-angled. At the back, the pronotum is a mirror image of the front edge in front of the armpits and arched outward in front of the shield. Along the middle of the pronotum runs a smooth, continuous and slightly raised longitudinal stripe, with a less noticeable rib set off to the side like a channel. The pronotum is deeply wrinkled and roughly punctured on the sides.
The label is clearly visible. It's small and plump.
The elytra are about three and a half times as long as the pronotum and collectively wider than this. They are edged on the side. At the shoulders they are a little wider, at the hips a little curved and behind them they narrow and end in a rounded point. The shape of the wing cover end and the seam tip are used to distinguish the three European species. In Chalcophora detrita , the suture is drawn out into a small, pointed tooth. In addition, the wing covers are not clearly outlined, the tooth ends at the same level as the tip of the wing cover (Fig. 6).
The original wing cover structure has largely disappeared, the two dimples lying one behind the other on each wing cover are only hinted at. The longitudinal ribs, which are far apart, are also not prominent (Fig. 14). The elytra are uniform, not very dense and moderately fine to very finely dotted.
The legs are strong, the tarsi all five-limbed. The basal phalanx of the hind tarsi is elongated.
The shiny underside is also black, only the dots of the dotted spots are often copper-colored (Fig. 9). The last abdominal sternite is deeply cut out in the male (Fig. 8), in the female it ends in a blunt tip (Fig. 7). The front chest forms a wide keel between the front hips. Two longitudinal rows of coarse points run on it, which diverge towards the front and can also converge towards a common furrow towards the rear (in Fig. 11 they run parallel).
The subspecies detrita detrita , detrita marani and detrita margotana differ in the area of distribution and in the formation of the longitudinal ribs on the elytra. These are not present in the nominate form or are hardly recognizable. In detrita marani five ribs are still clearly recognizable, also in the rear half of the wing cover (Fig. 14 shows a section from the rear third of the wing cover in detrita marani ). In detrita margotana , the five ribs are only visible in the anterior half of the elytra, while at least the three central ribs are absent on the posterior half of the wing cover. In addition, the pollination of the animals in the nominate form is bright yellow, whereas in detrita marani and detrita margotana it is snow-white. The flat, shiny central keel of the pronotum is broad and flattened in margotana , narrower and somewhat raised in marani and the nominate form.
Properties of the larva
The larva of Chalcophoro detrita have long transverse wrinkles on the pronotum and prosternum, while the other two European species of the genus have elongated transverse granules and short wrinkles. In the V-shaped groove on the pronotum, the two branches are not straight, but slightly meandering (photo).
biology
The larva develops in stumps and thick dead branches of various types of pine . However, the females also lay their eggs on recently felled trunks. The infected wood can be used to lay eggs for several years. Since the development takes several years, larvae of different years can be found in the same strain. The wood is increasingly being eaten away into flour. However, the beetle does not cause any significant forest damage.
The beetles can often be found in suitable breeding places from March to September.
Occurrence
The nominate form of the beetle is found in Italy , Albania , European Turkey and Greece only on the eastern North Aegean islands of Lesbos , Samos and Chios and on the Dodecanese , further on Rhodes , as well as in the Middle East and far into the eastern Palearctic .
The subspecies marani , on the other hand, occurs in Croatia , mainland Greece , Crete and the northern Sporades, as well as on the island of Thasos .
According to current knowledge, the margotana subspecies is restricted to Cyprus .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Gottfried Novak: " Chalcophora detrita margotana ssp. n., a new subspecies from Cyprus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) “in Z.Arb.Gem.Öst.Ent. 54, pp. 43–46 Vienna, June 15, 2002 ISSN 0375-5223 [1]
- ↑ Chalcophora detrita from Fauna Europaea, accessed on April 14, 2017
- ↑ Fernando Murria Beltran, Álvarta Murria Beltran: "Presencia de Chalcophora intermedia fagniezi Schaefer, 1936 en la Península Ibérica (Coleoptera Buprestidae Chrysochroinae)" in Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA) n ° 383-384 (2010)
- ↑ Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (Ed.): Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones Insectorum .... percensuit Fr. Klug . Decas prima Berolini ex Officina Academica 1829 not fully paginated, as No. 19 in Burpestis
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ^ Dejean: Catalog des Coléoptères de la Collection de M. Le Comte Dejean Paris 1833 p. 77
- ^ M. Solier: Essai sur les Buprestides in Annales de la Société entomologique de la France 2nd volume Paris 1833 Description of the genus Chalcoophora p. 278
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
- ↑ Ch. Kerremans: Monograph des Buprestides Tome IV Bruxelles 1909-1910 Species description p. 48
- ↑ Jan Obenberger: Some contributions to the knowledge of the Palearctic Buprestiden (Col.) in Entomologische Mitteilungen Volume II, No. 11 Berlin 1. Nov. 1913 Key for detrita p.330
- ↑ Determination table Chalcophora at coleo-net
- ↑ Jan Odenberger: "Révision des éspèces paléarctiques du genre Chalcophora Solier. (Col. Bupr.)" In Acta entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 13: 10-12 Key Chalcophora
- ^ Image pronotum of the larva
- ↑ Svatopluk Bily: Taxonomical and biological notes on Buprestidae from Turkey (Coleoptera) in Turk. Bit. Cor. The G. (1984), 8: 143-149 [2]
- ↑ Ente Parco regional della Maremma: Linee gestionali per gli interventi forestali nei SIC / SIR Section 5.4.4 p. 16
- ↑ V. Pantelas: The forests of pine brutia in Cyprus in CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes Série Études; n.1986-I pp. 43-46
- ↑ a b H.Mühle, P. Brandl, M. Niehuis: Catalogus Faunae Graeciae; Coleoptera: Buprestidae Printed in Germany by Georg Rößle Augsburg 2000
- ↑ Distribution of Chalcophora detrita detrita at Fauna Europaea, accessed on April 27, 2017
- ↑ Distribution of Chalcophora detrita marani at Fauna Europaea, accessed on April 27, 2017
