Chalybes
The Chalybes (Χάλυβες, Χάλυβοι), mostly Chalybers in German-language publications , were a tribe famous for their metalworking in antiquity , to whom the invention of hardenable iron is attributed through Greek traditions . The name comes from "Chalybs" = hardened iron, steel .
They settled in the northeast Anatolian mountains and on the southern coast of the Black Sea . Their settlement area extended west of Halys , east to Pharnakeia and Trapezus , south to Armenia .
According to Xenophon , the Chalybians settled between the Phasers and the Scythians . Sagona wants to locate it south of Gümüşhane , on the Kelkit River , and derive its name from that of the Urartian god Ḫaldi .
literature
- Giorgi Leon Kavtaradze: Problems of the historical geography of Anatolia and Transcaucasia in the first millennium BC Chr. In: Orbis Terrarum 2 (1996) pp. 191-216 http://www.geocities.com/komblege/orbis2.htm ( Memento of May 14, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) .
- Maya Vassileva: Greek Ideas of the North and the East: Mastering the Black Sea Area. In: Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Ed.): The Greek colonization of the Black Sea area. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-515-07302-7 , pp. 69-77, especially pp. 74f.
- Дэвид Лэнг (David Marshall Lang): Грузины. Хранители святынь, Москва. Центрполиграф, 2006. pp. 71-72
Individual evidence
- ^ Antonio Sagona / Claudia Sagona: Archeology at the North-East Anatolian frontier, I. A historical geography and a field survey of the Bayburt province. Ancient Near Eastern Studies 14, Louvain Peeters 2004, p. 30.
- ^ Antonio Sagona / Claudia Sagona: A rchaeology at the North-East Anatolian frontier, I. A historical geography and a field survey of the Bayburt province. Ancient Near Eastern Studies 14, Louvain Peeters 2004, p. 29.