Chersotis ocellina
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Chersotis ocellina |
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| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
Chersotis ocellina , sometimes also referred to as the black-gray alpine earth owl , is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe owl butterfly family (Noctuidae).
features
butterfly
The wingspan of the moth is about 25 to 28 millimeters. The forewings have a dark brown to black-gray basic color. The square field between the ring and kidney flaws is deep black, as are some small spots on the costal edge . Ring and kidney defects are yellow-brown and clearly stand out. The kidney defect is elongated in the direction of the ring defect in the form of a lying L. The inner field of the cone blemishes has a dark brown color and a yellow-brown border. The middle field is tinted dark brown, is cut through by a few bright veins and bordered by also bright transverse lines. The wavy line is jagged, and the narrow outer edge is a little lighter. Body and hind wings are a single color, dark brown.
Egg, caterpillar, pupa
The egg is yellow-white, spherical, slightly flattened at the base and has fine ribs. The caterpillar is dark, earth-brown in color, has a light back line, which is expanded in a diamond shape on each segment, as well as two side back lines that are bordered in brown upwards. The slender, light brown doll has two very short, hook-shaped thorns on the cremaster .
Similar species
Similar types are:
- Chersotis alpestris (Boisduval, 1837), somewhat larger, more broadly winged and lighter in color.
- Chersotis transiens (Staudinger, 1897), first established as a variety of Agrotis ocellina , it was recognized by Charles Boursin in 1954as an independent species. The color of the forewings and thorax is dark red-brown. It is mainly native to the Russian-Asian region, it does not occur together with Chersotis ocellina and can therefore be reliably differentiated based on its location.
- Chersotis oreina Dufay, 1984, occurs partially in the same habitat as Chersotis ocellina . It has a dark brown basic color of the forewings with very distinctive markings.
A reliable differentiation of all the aforementioned types can only be made by specialists or through a genital examination .
Geographical distribution and habitat
Chersotis ocellina occurs in Europe in mountainous or mountainous areas, especially in the Alps at altitudes between 1500 and 2500 meters as well as in the Apennines , the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian mountains . In 1999 Rezbanyai-Reser established the subspecies Chersotis ocellina pyrenaellina for the population in the Pyrenees . Older information about finds in Baden-Württemberg turned out to be incorrect determinations or could not be confirmed by specimen copies. Recently, however, the species was reported from Daghestan ( Russia ). This would extend the distribution area very far to the east or would be completely isolated from the current distribution area. A confirmation is not yet available; it could also be an occurrence of Chersotis transiens , whose distribution area extends at least as far as the southern Urals , so it is spatially much closer. Fibiger also mentions an older record of Chersotis alpestris from the south-eastern part of European Russia, which is probably Chersotis transiens .
The species is mainly found in open, rocky regions and on alpine meadows.
Way of life
Chersotis ocellina is univoltin , which means that only one generation is formed per year. The moths fly in July and August. They are mostly diurnal, prefer to fly in the sunshine and like to visit flowers of various plants. But you also get numerous artificial light sources and the bait . The caterpillars feed on lower herbaceous plants . The caterpillars also overwinter.
Danger
In Germany the species is only found in Bavaria , where it is locally numerous and is not classified as endangered on the Red List of Endangered Species for this state.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Fibiger (1993: p. 44/5)
- ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 30)
- ↑ L. Rezbanyai-Reser: Chersotis studies 2. Chersotis ocellina pyrenaellina ssp.n. from the Pyrenees (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Entomological Reports Luzern, 41: 95-102, Luzern 1999 ZDB -ID 564856-7
- ↑ Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998: p. 391/2)
- Jump up ↑ Poltavsky Alexander Nikolaevitch and Ilyina Elena Vjatcheslavovna: The Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) of the Daghestan Republic (Russia). Phegea, 30 (1): 11-35, Berchem 2002 PDF ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 7, Nachtfalter V. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3500-0
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
- Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 2, Noctuinae II. Entomological Press, Søro 1993, ISBN 87-89430-02-6
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de Photos and taxonomy
- www.nic.funet.fi dissemination
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de Endangerment
- Chersotis ocellina at Fauna Europaea