Chirignago
Chirignago is a part of the city of Venice located on the mainland , which belongs to the Municipalità Chirignago-Zelarino. The place with 7,644 inhabitants (October 31, 2010) goes over to Mestre without any recognizable transition . Its history goes back to Roman times, from 1336 to 1797 it belonged to the Republic of Venice , from 1798 to 1926, when the place was incorporated into Venice, Chirignago was an independent municipality.
Surname
The place name appears in different variants until the 18th century, such as Clarignago, Clerinaco, Caurignago, Chierignesco or Chierignago. Since the part of the name -ago, which appears frequently in the Veneto, is often a reference to a colonial property, it was speculated that it could go back to a Clarinus or Quirinus. But a river or lake called Clarinus has also been tried here.
history
Antiquity
The place goes back to ancient times. As it was close to the Venice lagoon , the area was criss-crossed by swamps and wetlands. The remains of a Roman bridge were found on the Via Miranese.
Foundation of the village (11th century?), Influence of Venetian monasteries, diocese of Treviso
It is possible that the foundation of San Giorgio went back to the Benedictines of the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore , who owned the first parts of the area around 1022. In 1120 three courts of serfs are mentioned (mansi). Until the end of the Venetian Republic , they owned the towns of Asseggiano in the north of Chirignago and Catene in the east. In 1458 they moved in the pecoratico , a levy on goats . The place Chirignago is mentioned for the first time in 1123. On May 2, 1123, according to a document, Enrico, Alberto, Ecilo and Arsenio, heirs of the late Giovanni de Clerignago, together with Puviza or Cuniza, his widow, bought a piece of land from the Abbot of San Giorgio Maggiore in the east of the Clarignano church .
Also the Bishop of Treviso Ulderico III. (1157–1179) were subject to vassals from 1178 at the latest ; 1330 one of his successors was a stipend to the intercession of his subjects in the resort. The place itself was not subject to the jurisdiction of San Giorgio, but since ancient times that of the Abbey of Sant'Ilario, which was also on one of the lagoon islands. In this detour, the place came under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Treviso. A forest called Brombedo , which was mentioned as early as 1126 , was one of the community properties that reached far into what is now Marghera . There the nobility hunted. The forest was cut down during the First World War . The church of San Giorgio in Chirignago is mentioned for the first time in 1292, and again in 1297 in an overview of the collections. In 1335 four dominant families lived in the place, the total number of inhabitants was estimated at 620.
On October 24, 1336, the village, together with Asseggiano, got between the fronts of the Carrara Wars between Verona and Venice. The two villages were completely burned down. In 1339 the two villages became part of the Venetian Mestre , as decreed by the Doge Francesco Dandolo .
Venetian rule (1339–1797)
In 1339 the area came under the Republic of Venice , with which it remained until 1797, with brief interruptions. In 1467 there were again 50 families and around 250 residents. The humanist and nuncio Girolamo Rorario (1485–1556) received the local church with all its income as a benefit . From around 1600, small rivers were diverted in the area to drain areas and to protect the lagoon from silting up. In 1565 the place, to which Azzeggian, Catene, Villabona, Colombara, La Giustizia and Ca 'Emiliani alla Rana belonged, had 700 inhabitants in 90 families. In 1685 the population was 1,600. The Villa Cecchini was built around 1700 and was destroyed in the Second World War. The Venetian family Corner owned land around the place, the procurator of San Marco Flaminio Corner (1693–1778) donated numerous relics to the church in 1749 . The affluent church had nine priests for the surrounding villages. In 1765 the place had 1,893 inhabitants. 334 of them worked the soil, 488 were craftsmen, 120 owned shops, 22 were artists. Only Mestre was bigger with 2,976 inhabitants.
The early industrialization reached the place in 1780 with the establishment of the Fabbrica Zerbo , in which brooms and brushes were made, in 1796 the Fabbrica Fabris Favaro was created , which produced blankets and duvets with goose down.
Independent municipality under French and Austrian rule
In 1797 the Republic of Venice came to France, in 1798 Chirignago became an independent municipality (until 1927). The first mayor was Maria Filippo Nicoli. He was mainly followed by incumbents from the Bisacco family (Paolo Bisacco, † 1876, Marco (1870 to 1890), Alessandro (1900 to 1902)). In 1806, French legislation required the cemeteries to be removed from the villages. A new cemetery was created in Chirignago. In 1807 the place still had 1,300 employees, but in the harsh winter of 1817 alone, 222 inhabitants, mostly children, died. Nevertheless, the village had 2,200 inhabitants again in 1835. In 1846 there were 2,302.
Connection of Veneto to Italy
After Veneto was annexed to Italy in 1866, there was a commotion during the visit of Federico Maria Zinelli (1861–1879), the bishop of Treviso, who was against the annexation. He was not received there by the representatives of the commune. Thereupon the residents stormed the town hall and the indignant crowd burned numerous documents on the forecourt. Twenty of their leaders were arrested. The last mayors were Vittorio Friedenberg (1902 to 1907 and 1914 to 1920), between these terms of office of Friedenberg's Cesare Cecchini, and finally Fulvio Eugenio Fabris Favaro (1920 to 1926).
Fascism, incorporation into Greater Venice
For years, the fascists united numerous mainland congregations to form Greater Venice.
In 1927 the municipality of Chirignago came to the municipality of Venice together with Zelarino and Favaro Veneto , and the parishes were no longer part of the diocese of Treviso, but of the Patriarchate of Venice . During the Second World War , the place was badly damaged, especially by the bombings of October 6, 1943 and March 28, 1944. Among the destroyed buildings were the villas Ivancich, Chinellato and the Villa Cecchini from the 18th century.
literature
- Antonio Niero: Statuto della confraternità di Santa Maria della Misericordia di Chirignago (Venezia) , in: Rivista di storia della chiesa in Italia 20 (1966) 389-409.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Heinrich Ungewitter: The Austrian Monarchy, geographically, statistically, topographically and historically presented , Brünn 1856, p. 330.
- ^ Evangelical Christendom: A Monthly Chronicle of the Churches , London 1868, p. 93.
Coordinates: 45 ° 29 ' N , 12 ° 12' E