Charter partita

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Chirograph of Ledesma , mid-13th century.

The charter partita ( Latin ; more often also chirographer from ancient Greek χειρόγραφον, cheirógraphon , "handwriting"; German also notch note , Zerter , notched letter , partial document ) was one in the Middle Ages , when the seals were not yet generally in use, especially in England and in the north-western part of the continent used the "shared document ".

Each party received an identical copy ( Charter paricola ) of the document, but all copies of the document were originally written on a sheet of paper with a word or a motto at the top. When the copies were cut, the word or the motto was cut in a straight line ( Charter partita ) or in a zigzag or irregular line ( Charter indentata ). The authenticity of the document was attested by the fact that if the parts were later joined together, the parts of the word or saying also had to fit. The scribes often used “Chirographum” as a shared word, the term that dominates German scientific literature.

Situation in Germany

The common name in Germany for such a document was notch note . The text of the document was written twice on a piece of parchment , which was then cut up. The two parts had a straight edge on three sides, but a wavy or jagged edge on the fourth. Both contracting parties received a part each. When the certificate was presented, the authenticity could be proven in this way, as the two documents fit together without any space between them. Usually it was noted on the document that there were two copies cut from one page. In order to increase legal certainty , the documents were later provided with one or more seals .

See also

literature

  • Barbara Berewinkel: Chirographs of the 13th century from the Cistercian monastery Altenberg . In: Peter Rück (Ed.): Graphic symbols in medieval documents. Contributions to diplomatic semiotics . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1996, ISBN 3-7995-4203-5 , pp. 551-558 ( historical auxiliary sciences 3).
  • Bernhard Bischoff : On the early history of the medieval chirograph . In: Archivalische Zeitschrift , 50/51, 1955, pp. 297-300.
  • Hans Goetting : The Hilwartshauser Chirograph from 1004 . In: Archiv für Diplomatik , 25, 1979, pp. 37–58.
  • Michel Parisse : Remarques sur les chirographes et les chartes-parties antérieurs à 1120 et conservées en France . In: Archiv für Diplomatik , 32, 1986, pp. 546-567.
  • Catello Salvati: Un esempio di “charta per alphabetum divisa” . Archivio di Stato, Naples 1968.
  • Jane E. Sayers: The land of chirograph, writ and seal. The absence of graphic symbols in English documents . In: Peter Rück (Ed.): Graphic symbols in medieval documents. Contributions to diplomatic semiotics . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1996, ISBN 3-7995-4203-5 , pp. 533-548 ( historical auxiliary sciences 3).
  • Otto Sigg : Traditional chirography in Zurich municipal archives 15. – 18. Century . In: Archivalische Zeitschrift , 88, 2006, pp. 949–958.
  • Winfried Trusen: Chirographer . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Volume II. Sp. 1844 f.
  • Charter partita . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 3, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 956.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Herbert Stöwer: Entrup at the end of the Middle Ages . In: Heimatland Lippe . Issue 6/1982.