Chorotega

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Chorotega or Mangue
Spoken in	Honduras , Nicaragua , Costa Rica
speaker	extinct
Linguistic classification	Otomangue Eastern Otomangue languages Tlapaneco-Mangue languages Mangue
Language codes
ISO 639 -1	-

Chorotega , also Choluteca or Mangue, is the name of an indigenous people in Central America ( Honduras , Costa Rica and Nicaragua ). His language of the same name belonged to the Otomangue language family and was last spoken in Nicaragua ( Monimbó , Department Masaya ). It became extinct in the first half of the 20th century.

Chorotega and Monimbó

In 2000 there were about 795 people in Costa Rica who still refer to themselves as Chorotega. About 13,000-18,000 Spanish-speaking Monimbó live in Nicaragua, whose ancestors once spoke a variant of this language. The Chorotega language, which belongs to the Otomangue language family, has died out .

history

The Matlatzinka-Tlawika, who were called "Chololtecah" by the Nahuas , lived in the Cholula Valley and were driven south by the Nahuas around the year 600. They settled in Choluteca , Subtiaba, in western Nicaragua in the Chiapanek- speaking area and brought their language with them.

Nicaragua

One interpretation of the name Nicaragua is: up to here the Nahua went ( nican = "here", aráhuac = "people" Nahuatl), which suggests that Nicaragua was the southern border of the Nahua settlement area. The original part of the population will have been Chortotega. In the Valle de Apompuá was the cradle of Diriangén (* 1502 in Diriamba, † December 25, 1527 in Teyte Tenderí, today Nindirí, Masaya), a prince of the Chorotega, who opposed the conquest . Diriangén's mother was Azcaxochil. Diriangén was described by the Spaniards as a strong, stocky Indigena with a beautiful face and considerable willpower, whose black eyes flashed in battle. Diriangén and his army were able to hold back the advance of the greedy criminals under Gil Gonzáles Dávila for six years. Diriangén agreed to a baptism and on April 17, 1522 set an ambush with around 4,000 armed indigenous people, which led to the conquistadors temporarily confining themselves to the shores of Lake Cocibolca , as the Llanos de Nandaime offered a safer crossing of the isthmus . The naborios of Sutiaba were Chorotega. A high point of the genocide against the Chorotegas was the Cañada uprising . Today the Sumos , Ramas and Miskitos on the Costa Atlantica are called indigenous in Nicaragua .

Costa Rica

The diocese of San José in Costa Rica was established under Pius IX. on February 25, 1850 from the Diocese of León (Nicaragua) . The area of ​​today's Costa Rica was the most resource-poor area in New Spain . In Honduras and Nicaragua, the wealth of precious metals led to the end of the Chorotega.

There is an ambitious historiography in Costa Rica today. The Encyclopædia Britannica describes the Chorotega as the most powerful Indian tribe in northwest Costa Rica during the conquest. They also spoke Mangue, part of the Otomangue language family, the Chorotegas originally immigrated from Chiapas and expelled the local population. The Chorotega are described as corn farmers with semi-democratic markets who often waged war with neighboring peoples. They wore padded cotton armor and fought with bows and arrows and with wooden swords, which were set with small flint knives. There are reports of ritual carousing at religious festivals and human sacrifices and self-mutilation of the ears, tongue and genitals ( piercing ). Various gods were worshiped in temples built for this purpose. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica , the culture and language of the Chorotega disappeared as early as the colonial period.

language

Within the Chorotega language, the following dialects could be distinguished: Diria ( Diriamba = people from the mountains), Nagrandan (León, Nicaragua), Nicoya ( Partido de Nicoya , Costa Rica), Orisi and Orotinya (Orotina).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ wikipedia at Otomangue
2. ↑ en: Terrence Kaufman , http://www.albany.edu/pdlma/Nawa.pdf Nawa linguistic prehistory 2001 p. 7
3. ↑ http://www.bridica.com/EBchecked/topic/114586/Chorotega
4. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated December 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  

Remarks

1. ↑ The English Wikipedia has an article on Chiapanec .
2. ↑ en: Diriangen
3. ↑ en: Gil González Dávila
4. ↑ The Spanish Wikipedia has an article on the Partido de Nicoya .