Christian August Fürchtegott Hayner

Christian August Fürchtegott Hayner (born December 22, 1775 in Beucha , † May 10, 1837 in Colditz ) was a German doctor and psychiatrist .

Life

Hayner attended the Nicolaischule in Leipzig , studied theology , later medicine and received his doctorate in 1798. He first practiced in Eisleben and Mittweida.

As a young doctor sent on a journey by the Saxon state government, he made himself familiar with Philippe Pinel's methods of modern psychiatry during a long stay in Paris at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière . After his return, in August 1806 he was appointed prison doctor at the Waldheim Breeding, Orphanage and Poor House , where a large number of the mentally ill were housed with the prisoners.

In 1808, Hayner was commissioned by the director of the commission for the penal and care institutions Gottlob von Nostitz and Jänkendorf to prepare an expert report on the establishment of an institution for the mentally ill in the Sonnenstein fortress . This first German mental hospital was built according to his plans . However, Ernst Gottlob Pienitz was the first director of the institution .

With the establishment of the nursing home in Colditz Castle (1829), he moved there with the Waldheim patients as a senior doctor and remained in this position until his death. In Colditz he developed a model of inpatient care. In this way he succeeded in recruiting and hiring free personnel instead of the prisoners who had been used to nurse the sick. His writings, in which he advocated the abolition of coercive measures, received some attention. At Hayner's suggestion, a large asylum garden was also set up. In his speech at the opening of the institution, he explained his ideas:

“The view from the rooms must not be restrictive, not unpleasant, it must be amusing and widen the anxious heart; Music, singing, encouraging games in the apartments and outdoors must be presented; pleasant, shady walks, secured from strong breezes, with changing lovely views are indispensable; These paths must be crooked so that the absorbed person is awakened to prudence, to the simultaneous observation of objects other than those of his fixed idea, while the distracted person is captivated to the attention of individual objects, for which, apart from the mechanical effect, the eye-exciting alternation is useful; the corridors must here and there necessitate going up and down, which induces a far more salutary movement than strolling along on the plain, which is really just alternating standing on one leg. - The securing of the surroundings does not have to be glaring and as decorated as possible, so that the eye of the unfortunate does not hit the partition that - often to the grave - separates him from the world. "

With Friedrich Nasse u. A. he was editor and employee of the journal for psychic doctors (1818 to 1822).

Melchior Josef Bandorf referred to him in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie as one of the first forerunners of the English no-restraint movement in German psychiatry.

Fonts

• Calling on governments, authorities and heads of madhouses to remedy some serious ailments in the treatment of the mad. 1817.

• About the psychological and moral treatment of the mentally ill in the Waldheim care institution. In: G. Nostiz, Jänkendorf: Description of the sanatorium and nursing home Sonnenstein. 1829, Thl. 1, Section 2, pp. 137f.

• About the relocation of the royal Saxon state care institution in Waldheim, which was intended to accept mentally ill people, into the building of the Castle in Colditz. Dresden 1829.

literature

• Melchior Josef Bandorf :  Hayner, Christian August Fürchtegott . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 164 f.
• Thomas R. Müller: "... in the midst of my unhappy crazy brothers and sisters ..." The work of the important Saxon psychiatrist Christian August Fürchtegott Hayner (1775-1837) . In: Kuratorium Gedenkstätte Sonnenstein e. V. (Ed.): Sonnenstein series. Contributions to the history of the sun stone and Saxon Switzerland . Issue 5. Pirna 2004, ISBN 3-9809880-5-8 , p. 116-130 .

See also

• Hayner's impeller

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Otto Bach: The "Heil- und Pflegehaus Sonnenstein" . In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen . No. 6 , 2010, p. 288–290 ( online as PDF ).
2. ^ Ragnhild Kober-Carrière: The gardens of the Colditzer castle . In: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony (Ed.): 30 years of garden monument preservation in Saxony . Sax-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-019-7 , p. 100-109 .
3. ↑ Heinz Schott, Rainer Tölle: History of Psychiatry. Disease teachings, wrong turns, forms of treatment . CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-53555-0 ( full text in the Google book search).
4. ↑ Hayner: About laying ... p. 13. Quoted from: Kober-Carrière, p. 109