Christian Hebraism
As a Christian Hebraism refers recourse Christian Bible commentators on the Hebrew original text of the Old Testament to clarify issues of text understanding and interpretation of Scripture .
Already Jerome had the Semitic languages systematically learned to provide a reliable Bible translation to be able to create.
However, it was only under the influence of the concept of the tres linguae sacrae in the Middle Ages that exegetes began to a larger extent either to consult Jewish Torah experts or to learn Hebrew themselves. In particular, the school of Saint-Victor in Paris seems to have examined Hebrew texts particularly carefully. The Christian Hebraists in medieval Germany included Heinrich von Langenstein , Stephan Bodecker , Petrus Nigri (* around 1435, † around 1483; Peter Schwartz) and Konrad Summenhart . The lexicographer Robert Estienne should be mentioned from the French-speaking area .
In Florence the Dominican Girolamo Savonarola founded a language school at the monastery of San Marco in Florence, from which several important Hebraists emerged: Santi Pagnini (approx. 1470 – approx. 1536), who wrote numerous textbooks and encyclopedias, and Sante Marmochino († 1548), who in 1538 published the meticulously compiled “Bibbia nuovamente tradotta dalla hebraica verità in lingua thoscana”. Other important Hebraists of the Dominican order were Agostino Giustinani († 1536), who taught Hebrew and Arabic at the University of Paris from 1518, and Sixtus of Siena (1520–1569).
Since the Reformation, the study of the Hebrew language and Judaism has mainly been pursued by Protestants. According to Johannes Reuchlin , Sebastian Münster and Konrad Pelikan are among the authorities in this field. Finally, professorships for Hebrew language and exegesis of the Old Testament were established in the theological faculties.
See also
literature
- Ilana Zinguer, Abraham Melamed, Zur Shalev (eds.): Hebraic Aspects of the Renaissance. Brill, Leiden 2011 (Brill's Series in Jewish Studies, 45), ISBN 9789004212558 . - Collection of essays on Hebrew thought within Renaissance humanism
- Hartmut Lehmann, Anne-Charlott Trepp: In times of crisis. Religiousness in Europe in the 17th Century. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1999 (publications by the Max Planck Institute for History, Vol. 152), pp. 301-302, ISBN 3-525-35468-1 Google Books
- Bernhard Walde: Christian Hebraists in Germany at the end of the Middle Ages. Aschendorffsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Münster i. W., 1916. Online version
- Jan Ziolkowski: "Tres linguae sacrae" / Christian Hebraism. In: Fritz Graf (ed.): Introduction to Latin Philology . Teubner, Stuttgart [a. a.] 1997 (Introduction to Classical Studies), p. 309, ISBN 3-519-07434-6 . Google books
Web links
- Central Welfare Office of the Jews (ZWST): The history of the Jews in Germany. Sixteenth century:
Individual evidence
- ^ Elias H. Füllenbach , Biblical and Hebrew studies of Italian Dominicans of the 15th and 16th centuries , in: Bibelstudium und Sermon im Dominikanerorden. History, ideal, practice , ed. by Viliam Stefan Doci and Thomas Prügl, Rome 2019 (= Dissertationes Historicae, Vol. 36), pp. 255–271.