Cirratuliformia
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| Cirratuliformia | ||||||||||||
| Fauchald , 1977 |
Cirratuliformia is the name of mostly as subordination categorized taxon usually sessile and röhrenbauender , as filter feeders living polychaete (Polychaeta), which are found in oceans worldwide. They were initially placed among the Spionida and later the Terebellida , but may not belong to either of these groups.
features
Like all Canalipalpata, the Cirratuliformia have a pair or numerous palps , each with an eyelash groove, the cilia of which carry small food particles to the mouth. In contrast to other Canalipalpata, these palps do not arise from the prostomium , but from the first or several segments following the peristomium . There are no antennas or other body attachments on the prostomium. The lobes of the parapodia are only weakly developed. The evertable pharynx sits ventrally and has the shape of a thick pad.
Distribution, habitat and way of life
The Cirratuliformia are widespread in oceans worldwide and live on both soft and hard substrates, where they build their living tubes and thus live as sessile animals or bury themselves in the soft substrate. They feed the filter feeders of detritus and phytoplankton , which they catch with their tentacles from the sea currents and transported to the mouth.
Systematics
The taxon Cirratuliformia was described in 1977 by Kristian Fauchald with the two families Cirratulidae and Acrocirridae as a subordination within the order of the Spionida . Gregory W. Rouse and Kristian Fauchald placed these families in the suborder Terebellida in 1998 , with which they have the strong throat membrane and the production of blood cells in the dorsal blood vessel as common characteristics , within the order Canalipalpata in the subclass Palpata . Struck, Golombek and others (2015), on the other hand, see the cirratuliformia on the basis of phylogenetic studies on a molecular genetic basis as a sister group of the Siboglinidae (beard worms), with which they in turn form a sister group to a clade of the Sabellida and Spionida. The resulting larger group thus includes a large part of the previous Canalipalpata; According to Rouse and Fauchald, the Terebelliformia , which belong together with the Cirratuliformia, are not closely related to them, but form a sister group to the Arenicolidae .
In 2018, Geoffrey Read and Kristian Fauchald counted the following families to the suborder Cirratuliformia :
- Acrocirridae Banse, 1969
- Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851
- Fauveliopsidae Hartman, 1971
- Flabelligeridae de Saint-Joseph, 1894
- Sternaspidae Carus, 1863
literature
- Kristian Fauchald (1977): The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series. 28, pp. 1–188, here Suborder Cirratuliformia , pp. 22, 29.
- Gregory W. Rouse, Kristian Fauchald (1998): Recent views on the status, delineation, and classification of the Annelida. (PDF). American Zoologist. 38 (6), pp. 953-964. doi: 10.1093 / icb / 38.6.953
- Peter Ax: The system of Metazoa II. A textbook on phylogenetic systematics. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart / Jena 1999. pp. 47–56, chapter Polychaeta : Terebellida , p. 53.
- Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. P. 256.
- Torsten Hugo Struck, Anja Golombek, Anne Weigert, Franziska Anni Franke, Wilfried Westheide, Günter Purschke, Christoph Bleidorn, Kenneth Michael Halanych (2015): The Evolution of Annelids Reveals Two Adaptive Routes to the Interstitial Realm Current Biology. Current Biology 25 (15), pp. 1993-1999. DOI: 10.1016 / j.cub.2015.06.007
- Anne Weigert, Christoph Bleidorn (2016), Current status of annelid phylogeny. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 16 (2), pp. 345-362. DOI: 10.1007 / s13127-016-0265-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ Geoffrey Read, Kristian Fauchald (Ed.) (2018): Cirratuliformia. WoRMS , 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.