Terebellida

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Terebellida
Cirriformia capensis (Cirratulidae)

Cirriformia capensis ( Cirratulidae )

Systematics
Over trunk : Lophotrochozoa (Lophotrochozoa)
Trunk : Annelids (Annelida)
Class : Polychaete (Polychaeta)
Subclass : Palpata
Order : Canalipalpata
Subordination : Terebellida
Scientific name
Terebellida
Dales , 1962

Terebellida is the name of a suborder mostly sessile and tube -building polychaeta living as filter feeders in the order Canalipalpata and the subclass Palpata , which can be found in seas worldwide.

features

The Terebellida reach heights of 1 to 40 cm. The animals are characterized by a throat membrane (gular membrane), which is a muscularly enlarged septum of the first segment, i.e. in the foremost part of the body. It serves to increase the pressure of the coelom fluid and thus hydraulically stretch the front body appendages outwards. Another characteristic feature is a thickening in the tissue of the dorsal blood vessel in the area above the esophagus where blood cells are produced. The head of the Terebellida is hidden by numerous thin, non-retractable, crisscrossed by Coelomkanälen tentacles that the diet of the animals by pre swirls of Detrituspartikeln serve. The dorsally seated gills of the Terebellidae can be simple or branched. The body is divided into a thorax and an abdomen.

Distribution, habitat and way of life

The Terebellida are widespread in oceans worldwide and live on both soft and hard substrates, where they build their living tubes and thus live as sessile animals or bury themselves in the soft substrate. They feed the filter feeders of detritus and phytoplankton , which they catch with their tentacles from the sea currents and transported to the mouth.

Systematics

The suborder Terebellida belongs to the order Canalipalpata in the subclass Palpata according to the systematics according to Rouse & Fauchald from 1998 .

According to this system, the following families belong to the suborder Terebellida :

The Terebellida were established in 1962 by Rodney Phillips Dales as an order with the families Pectinariidae, Terebellidae and Ampharetidae. In 1998, Gregory W. Rouse and Kristian Fauchald also included the families Cirratulidae and Acrocirridae , which had previously been grouped as Cirratuliformia within the order of the Spionida, into this order, because they share the strong throat membrane and the production of blood cells in the dorsal blood vessel .

More recent phylogenetic studies again support a division of the Terebellida sensu Rouse & Fauchald. Thus, on the basis of their molecular genetic research, Struck, Golombek and others (2015) see the Terebelliformia as a sister group of the Arenicolidae , with which they in turn form a sister group to the Clitellata , and they do not find any close relationship to the Cirratuliformia, which they as a sister group of the Siboglinidae ( Beard worms), with which they in turn form a sister group to a clade of the Sabellida and Spionida. This would make the terebellida obsolete in the sense described here. The groups belonging to them, according to this work not closely related to one another, include the following families:

and as an unrelated group

literature

  • Rodney Phillips Dales (1962): The polychaete stomatodeum and the inter-relationship of the families of the Polychaeta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 139, pp. 389-428.
  • Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. Pp. 271f., Terebellida.
  • Gregory W. Rouse, Kristian Fauchald (1998): Recent views on the status, delineation, and classification of the Annelida. (PDF). American Zoologist. 38 (6), pp. 953-964. doi: 10.1093 / icb / 38.6.953
  • Peter Ax: The system of Metazoa II. A textbook on phylogenetic systematics. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart / Jena 1999. pp. 47–56, chapter Polychaeta : Terebellida , p. 53.
  • Kristian Fauchald (1977): The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series. 28, pp. 1–188, here Suborder Cirratuliformia , pp. 22, 29.
  • Torsten Hugo Struck, Anja Golombek, Anne Weigert, Franziska Anni Franke, Wilfried Westheide, Günter Purschke, Christoph Bleidorn, Kenneth Michael Halanych (2015): The Evolution of Annelids Reveals Two Adaptive Routes to the Interstitial Realm Current Biology. Current Biology 25 (15), pp. 1993-1999. DOI: 10.1016 / j.cub.2015.06.007
  • Anne Weigert, Christoph Bleidorn (2016), Current status of annelid phylogeny. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 16 (2), pp. 345-362. DOI: 10.1007 / s13127-016-0265-7

Web links

Commons : Terebellida  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Fredrik Pleijel and Gregory W. Rouse: Terebellida. In: The Tree of Life Web Project, 2004.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Geoffrey Read, Kristian Fauchald (Ed.) (2018): Terebellomorpha Hatschek, 1893. WoRMS , 2018. Accessed December 9, 2018.
  2. ↑ Geoffrey Read, Kristian Fauchald (Ed.) (2018): Cirratuliformia. WoRMS , 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.