Clementine von Wallmenich

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Clementine von Wallmenich (around 1890)

Clementine von Wallmenich (born June 14, 1849 in Munich ; † July 14, 1908 on board the Erna Woermann on an inspection trip to the German colonies in Africa) was a German nurse, superior and founder of the first college for nursing superiors in the German Empire .

Live and act

Clementine von Wallmenich was the daughter of the Higher Regional Court President Karl von Wallmenich and his wife Dorothea. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 she trained as a volunteer nurse at the Bavarian Women's Association from the Red Cross. In 1894, Princess Marie Therese of Bavaria appointed her superior of the nursing home of the Bavarian Women's Association of the Red Cross in Munich. Here she achieved astonishing success, so that Empress Auguste Victoria summoned her to Berlin in 1901 to build a Red Cross motherhouse in Berlin-Weißensee under her protectorate. Clementine von Wallmenich was of the opinion that the parent company organization was absolutely necessary for the ethical upbringing of budding nurses. “Red Cross Work” was “God's work” for her. She represented these opinions in publications in the magazine “Die Krankenpflege.”

In 1903, Clementine von Wallmenich founded a school for the training of superiors as the head of the DRK sisterhood in Munich. The school moved to Kiel as early as 1905 and became part of the sisterhood there; it had to be closed during the economic crisis in 1923. In 1927 it was re-established as the Werner School by the German Red Cross in Berlin, moved to Göttingen in 1944 and existed there until 2016. This Oberinnenschule was the first educational institution in Germany for the training of managers in nursing. It was not until 1911 that the women's college was founded in Leipzig , which also trained superiors.

In 1904, Clementine von Wallmenich became an advisor for sister affairs in the central committee of the German Red Cross associations. This was preceded by a dispute with the General Secretary of the Nursing Committee of the Bavarian Women's Association of the Red Cross, which decided to terminate Clementine von Wallmenich without prior notice. The general secretary informed her of this decision brusquely and completely unexpectedly for her.

Africa

On May 10, 1908, Clementine von Wallmenich boarded the Erna Woermann in Hamburg to inspect the Red Cross nursing home in Africa. After a stay in Cameroon and Togo , she succumbed to typhus abdominalis on the return voyage on this ship . She found her final resting place in Monrovia (Liberia). The German Women's Association for Nursing in the Colonies had a tomb erected for her here.

In 1930 Elsbeth von Keudell , superior of the Countess Rittberg Sisters Association of the Red Cross , published the biography of Clementine von Wallmenich. Wallmenich had shaped Elsbeth von Keudell at the beginning of her career as superior.

Honors

Publications

  • The associations of the Red Cross, especially the sisters of the Red Cross - a profession also for the daughters of educated circles, lecture on November 14, 1897 in the association for workers' home. Royal Hof- und Universitäts-Buchdruckerei Wolf, Munich 1897.
  • Moral-religious vocational education of the learning sisters from Rothen Kreuz, lecture for the IV. Association day of women's associations in Heidelberg. Carl Heymann Verlag, Berlin 1899.
  • The nursing of men by women. The position of the superior in the modern hospital. Lehmann Verlag, Munich 1902.

literature

  • Sigrid Schmidt-Meinecke: Clementine von Wallmenich. The life and legacy of an important woman. Sisterhood of Munich from the Bavarian Red Cross eV, Munich 1981.
  • Horst-Peter Wolff: Biographical lexicon for nursing history. "Who was who in nursing history". Volume one, Ullstein Mosby, Berlin and Wiesbaden 1997, pp. 215-216.
  • Bernhard Naarmann: Colonial work under the Red Cross "The German Women's Association of the Red Cross for the Colonies" between 1888 and 1917. Diss. Med. Institute for Theory and History of Medicine at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 1986, academic supervisors Richard Toellner and Wolfgang U. Eckart , p. 59.
  • Horst-Peter Wolff: Nursing: Introduction to the Study of Your History. Mabuse Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, pp. 161-164.
  • Theodore von Wallmenich; Josef H. Biller: List of ancestors Clementine von Wallmenich (1849-1908) . In: Leaves of the Bavarian State Association for Family Studies , 73rd year. 2010. p. 119 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christoph Schweikardt: The development of nursing for a state-recognized activity in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The interaction of modernization efforts, medical dominance, denominational self-assertion and the guidelines of Prussian government policy. Martin Meidenbauer Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-89975-132-1 , p. 275. Online resource RUB
  2. ↑ Maria Mischo-Kelling and Karin Wittneben : Nursing education and nursing theories. Urban & Schwarzenberg Munich, Vienna, Baltimore 1st edition 1995, p. 254 f.
personal data
SURNAME Wallmenich, Clementine von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German nurse and superior general of the sororities of the German Red Cross
DATE OF BIRTH June 14, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH July 14, 1908
Place of death Monrovia, Liberia