Forest snails

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Forest snails
Small forest snail (Cochlostoma septemspirale)

Small forest snail ( Cochlostoma septemspirale )

Systematics
Class : Snails (gastropoda)
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Architaenioglossa
Superfamily : Cyclophoroidea
Family : Forest snails
Scientific name
Cochlostomatidae
Kobelt , 1902

The forest snails (Cochlostomatidae), also tower snails, are a family of land-living snails from the order of the Architaenioglossa ( Caenogastropoda ). The oldest forms come from the Paleocene.

features

The right-handed, highly conical cases are up to 10 mm high and 5 mm wide. They have 7 to 9.5 (10) more or less arched coils that increase slowly and regularly. The last turn is often a bit narrowed. The mouth is rounded and provided with a wide mouth lip. The surface shows more or less dense, differently shaped, hollow ribs. They run parallel to the growth lines and are usually at an angle of about 20 ° to the coil axis. Juvenile cases often have a light keel and a narrow mouth lip. The beginning of the following turn (suture) can follow the keel a little or starts exactly on the keel and makes it disappear, or it also starts a little below (the keel can still be seen). It disappears on the adult turns or there is only a slight irregularity in the turn curve. The cases often have brown or red spots or lines. The operculum is not calcified and consists of two plates that are connected by a chambered space.

The animals are of separate sex. In some species a slight sexual dimorphism can be seen in the housing. The males have a somewhat smaller and thicker shell, which is often a little darker in color than the female shell. A reliable differentiation based on the housing is often not possible in individual cases. The foot has a longitudinal pit just above the edge. The snout is bilobed and slightly protrudes beyond the front end of the foot. The head tentacles are slender and usually a little darker than the body. The eyes are outside at the base of the antennae.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The Cochlostomatidae occur in Southern Europe, North Africa and Turkey. They are known to be fossilized from the Paleocene . The species of the genus prefer to live on or under exposed rocks, between and on stones of scree slopes, but also in the leaf litter of shady forests on calcareous soil, in dry as well as wet locations.

Systematics

The diplommatinidae were made up until recently from the two subfamilies diploma Mati Ninae and Cochlostomatininae. According to the molecular genetic studies by Webster et al. (2012), however, the Cochlostomatinae are not closely related to the Diplommatininae, but form the sister group of the Megalostomatidae , another family of the Cyclophoroidea. Webster et al. (2012) therefore have the Cochlostomatinae in the rank of a family, i. e. Cochlostomatidae raised within the Cyclophoroidea. The taxon Cochlostomatinae was established in 1902 by Wilhelm Kobelt .

  • Family Cochlostomatidae Kobelt, 1902
    • Genus Cochlostoma Jan, 1830
      • Subgenus Cochlostoma (Auritus) Westerlund, 1883 (= Titanopoma AJ Wagner, 1897)
      • Subgenus Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) Jan, 1830
      • Subgenus Cochlostoma (Holcopoma) Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1899
      • Subgenus Cochlostoma (Obscurella) Clessin, 1889
      • Subgenus Cochlostoma (Turritus) Westerlund 1883
    • Genus Striolata Wagner, 1897 (= Toffolettia Giusti, 1971)

supporting documents

literature

  • Nicole B. Webster, Tom JM Van Dooren & Menno Schilthuizen: Phylogenetic reconstruction and shell evolution of the Diplommatinidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63 (2012) 625-638 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2012.02.004
  • Fehér, Z. 2004: A revision of the genus Cochlostoma, subgenus Titanopoma (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cochlostomatidae), in particular the forms occurring in Albania. Basteria, 68: 25-44, Leiden. ISSN  0005-6219
  • Gofas Serge 2001: The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited. Journal of Natural History, 35 (9): 1277-1369, London doi : 10.1080 / 002229301750384301
  • Mattia, Willy De, Enrico Zallot & Massimo Prodan 2011: Cochlostoma gracile (L. Pfeiffer, 1849) in Italy (Architaenioglossa, Cochlostomatidae). Basteria 75 (1-3): 1-9, Leiden. ISSN  0005-6219

On-line

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth and Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127
  2. ^ Wilhelm Kobelt: The animal kingdom. A compilation and identification of the recent animal forms. 16. Delivery. Mollusca. Cyclophoridae. SI-XXXIX, pp. 1–662, Berlin, Friedländer 1902 [1] (p. 488)

annotation

  1. ↑ The common name tower snail is also used for various aquatic species of the family Thiaridae from the order of the Sorbeoconcha

Web links