Coenonympha lyllus
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Coenonympha lyllus from Spuler : The Butterflies of Europe |
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| Coenonympha lyllus | ||||||||||||
| ( Esper , 1805) |
Coenonympha lyllus , syn .: Coenonympha pamphilus lyllus , is a butterfly (day butterfly ) fromthe noble butterfly family (Nymphalidae).
description
Coenonympha lyllus is very similar to the little meadow bird ( Coenonympha pamphilus ), but the moths have a thin silver line on the underside of the wing on the outer edge and the caterpillars on the Iberian Peninsula have a green instead of a black head capsule. The summer form has a broad, dark marginal stripe on the upper side of the wing, which appears as a diffuse stripe on the underside of the forewing. In front of it runs a pale, straight, inwardly reddish, post-discal band. On the underside of the hind wing, the eye-spots are usually missing or just indistinct. The edge is also dark, the post-disk region is pale yellowish and in front of it up to the base the wing is light sand-brown.
Similar species
- Little meadow bird ( Coenonympha pamphilus ) ( Lineaus , 1758)
- Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes , 1900
- Coenonympha thyrsis ( Freyer , 1845)
Occurrence
Coenonympha lyllus occurs in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula , in the Balearic Islands , Sardinia and in western North Africa , Lebanon , Kurdistan and northeast Iran .
Way of life
The females lay their eggs one by one on dry stems close to the ground in low-growing grass. The caterpillars develop at different speeds. Some pupate and hatch after a total of a few weeks, others do not eat anything early and prepare for wintering. The caterpillars can overwinter in each of the caterpillar stages and take a summer break beforehand. In central Spain, the caterpillar diapause is induced by daylight lengths of less than 14 hours. In mild winter temperatures, some of the diapausing caterpillars go through five instead of four larval stages.
Flight time
The moths fly in two to three generations from March to October.
Food of the caterpillars
The host plants are unknown. Fescue ( Festuca ) and bluegrass ( Poa ) were accepted for breeding .
Systematics
Coenonympha lyllus was written by Eugen Johann Christoph Esper in 1805 in The butterflies in illustrations based on nature with descriptions. Part I. The day butterflies first described on the basis of a find in Portugal as Papilio lyllus .
C. lyllus is often described in the literature as the summer form of the small meadow bird ( C. pamphilus ), as the summer form differs more clearly from the small meadow bird. However, it could be shown that the moths (silver line on the underside of the wing) and the caterpillars (green instead of black head capsule), which occur on the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, always differ. However, there are still no genetic studies that could further support the species status.
Synonyms
- Papilio lyllus Esper , 1805
- Coenonympha pamphilus latevittata Verity , 1916
- Coenonympha pamphilus arenosa Verity , 1926
- Coenonympha pamphilus atlantea Verity , 1926
literature
- Esper: The butterflies in pictures after nature with descriptions. Part I. The day butterflies. Supplement Theil 2, 1805, p. 23 ( archive.org ), plate 122 ( archive.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Martin Wiemers: The genus Coenonympha HÜBNER, 1819, in Europe: systematics, ecology and protection (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) . In: Society for Butterfly Protection (ed.): Oedippus . No. 25 . Pensoft, June 30, 2007, pp. 1–42 ( ufz.de [PDF; accessed on February 3, 2016]). ufz.de ( Memento of the original from November 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 , p. 310.
Web links
- Coenonympha pamphilus at Fauna Europaea