Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica

The Cohors II Gallorum [Pannonica] [equitata] ( German 2nd cohort of the Gauls [ Pannonica ] [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. The cohort is identical to the Cohors II Gallorum et Pannoniorum , which is listed in the military diploma of 179.

Name components

Gallorum : the Gaul . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various tribes of the Gauls in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis when the unit was established .

Pannonica : from Pannonia or the Pannonian. The addition occurs in military diplomas. It served to distinguish the cohort from the Cohors II Gallorum Macedonica , which was stationed in the province of Dacia at the same time .

equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in the inscription ( CIL 2, 3230 ).

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors (quingenaria) equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia , Dacia and Moesia Superior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 109 to 179.

The unit was stationed in the province of Pannonia at an unspecified point in time , from which its later nickname Pannonica was derived.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Dacia is based on a diploma dated 109. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas dated from 110 to 179 prove the unit in the same province (or from 110 in Dacia Superior ).

For the period from 157 to 158/59, the cohort is proven by diplomas in the province of Moesia Superior .

Locations

The locations of the cohort are not known.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

M (arcus) Aemilius I []: he is named on the diploma of 144 as the commander of the cohort.

P (ublius) Licinius Maximus, a prefect ( CIL 2, 3230 )

Others

Aulenus Her [], a horseman: the diploma of 144 was issued to him.

Further cohorts with the designation Cohors II Gallorum

There were at least three other cohorts with this designation:

the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) . She is documented by military diplomas from 98 to 178 and was stationed in the province of Britannia .
the Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) . It is documented by diplomas from 92 to 167/168 and was stationed in the provinces of Moesia Inferior and Dacia Inferior .
the Cohors II Gallorum Macedonica . She is documented by diplomas from 93 to 161 and was stationed in the provinces of Macedonia , Moesia Superior and Dacia.

Military diplomas also prove that a Cohors II Gallorum was stationed in the provinces of Mauretania Caesariensis and Raetia . The cohort in Raetia was stationed in Sorviodurum between 75/85 and 90 AD . This unit may be the Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) or the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) .

Remarks

↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of Jörg Scheuerbrandt and Ovidiu Țentea / Florian Matei-Popescu . They assume that the unit stationed in Moesia Inferior and Dacia Inferior is an independent Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) . John Spaul on the other hand assigns the military diplomas from Moesia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) and the diplomas from Dacia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica .

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , p 151-152, 159
^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 164, 169 tables 8, 11 ( PDF p. 166, 171 ).
^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 282 ( online ).
↑ Military diplomas of the years 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 124 ( AE 2010, 1857 ), 136/138 ( RMD 5, 384 ), 144 ( CIL 16, 90 ), 157 ( RMM 37 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).

[GE-5] The scenario given here follows the explanations of Jörg Scheuerbrandt and Ovidiu Țentea / Florian Matei-Popescu . They assume that the unit stationed in Moesia Inferior and Dacia Inferior is an independent Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) . John Spaul on the other hand assigns the military diplomas from Moesia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) and the diplomas from Dacia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica .

[jsp-1] A ^b John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , p 151-152, 159

[js-2] Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 164, 169 tables 8, 11 ( PDF p. 166, 171 ).

[ot-fmp-3] Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 282 ( online ).

[MD-4] Military diplomas of the years 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 124 ( AE 2010, 1857 ), 136/138 ( RMD 5, 384 ), 144 ( CIL 16, 90 ), 157 ( RMM 37 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).