Cohors I Cilicum

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The Cohors I Cilicum [sagittariorum or sagittaria] [milliaria] [equitata] [Deciana] [Philippiana] ( German  1st cohort from Cilicia [the archers] [1000 men] [partially mounted] [the Decian] [the Philippian] ) was one Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Cilicum : from Cilicia . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited on the territory of the Roman province of Cilicia when the unit was established .
  • sagittariorum or sagittaria : the archer. The addition occurs in the military diplomas from 145 to 157.
  • milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was a pure infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry.
  • Deciana : the Decian. An honorary title that refers to Decius (249-251). The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Philippiana : the Philippian. An honorary title that refers to Philip Arabs (244–249). The addition appears in an inscription.

The unit was either a Cohors quingenaria equitata with a nominal strength of 600 men (480 infantry and 120 riders), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 riders each, or a Cohors milliaria equitata with a nominal strength of 1040 Men (800 infantry and 240 horsemen), consisting of 10 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia , Moesia superior, and Moesia inferior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 75-157.

The unit was probably set up during the reign of Augustus . The first evidence in Moesia is based on a diploma dated 75. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, which are dated from 78 to 157, prove the unit in the same province (or from 94 in Moesia superior and from 134 in Moesia inferior ).

Participation of the cohort in Trajan's Dacer wars is suspected, but has not been proven. On the diplomas of 115, the unity is listed among the cohorts that were assigned to Trajan's Parthian War ( translatis in expeditione ). During the Parthian War, a vexillation of the cohort was combined with other units and placed under the command of Marcus Sentius Proculus .

The last evidence of unity in Moesia is based on an inscription dated 249/251.

Locations

Cohort locations may have been:

  • Adamclisi : an inscription was found here.
  • Chersonesus Taurica : an inscription was found here.
  • Dinogetia : an inscription was found here.
  • Naissus : an inscription was found here. The unit was probably stationed here in the 1st century.
  • Olbia : an inscription was found here.
  • Sacidava: four inscriptions and two bricks with the unity stamp were found here.
  • Tomis : two inscriptions were found here.

While the unit was stationed in Moesia Inferior , vexillations of the unit were assigned to various locations on the Black Sea, such as Cherson or Olbia .

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

  • Iulius Iulianus, a summus curator ( AE 1981, 742 )
  • L (ucius) Titius, a foot soldier: the diploma of 94 was issued to him.
  • Perasis, a foot soldier: the diploma of 78 was issued to him.
  • Valerius Longus, a foot soldier: the diploma of 148/153 was issued to him.
  • Valens, a rider and Vexillarius ( AE 1957, 193 )

See also

literature

  • Florian Matei-Popescu: The Roman Army in Moesia Inferior , Conphys Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010, ISBN 978-973-750-177-6 ( online )
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Julian Bennett and Florian Matei-Popescu (2010), a large number of archers were probably admitted to the unit before 145.
  2. ↑ The addition appears neither in military diplomas nor in inscriptions. Several commanders, however, give tribune as their rank ; hence the unit is believed to be milliaria . According to Julian Bennett, the unit may have expanded to a Cohors milliaria between 136 and 145 when the archers were added to the unit.
  3. ↑ The addition appears neither in military diplomas nor in inscriptions. One soldier, however, describes himself as an eques , another as a summus curator ; hence the unit is believed to be equitata .
  4. ↑ According to Florian Matei-Popescu (2010), a vexillation of the unit was probably stationed at this location.
  5. ↑ According to Julian Bennett, the unit was probably stationed at this location.
  6. ↑ According to Florian Matei-Popescu (2010), Diurdanus was either a soldier in the Cohors I Cilicum or in the Cohors IV Gallorum .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b inscription with Deciana ( AE 2004, 1289 ).
  2. ^ Inscription with Philippiana ( AE 1957, 192 ).
  3. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 75 ( Chiron-2009-506 ), 78 ( CIL 16, 22 , RMD 4, 208 , ZPE-173-237 ), 94 ( CIL 16, 39 , RMD 5, 335 ), 96 ( RMD 1, 6 ), 100 ( Chiron-2008-326 , Chiron-2008-340 , Chiron-2008-343 , Chiron-2009-566 , CIL 16, 46 ), 103/105 ( ZPE-194-223 ), 109 ( ZPE- 194-226 ), 111/112 ( Chiron-2008-355 ), 112/114 ( Chiron-2008-360 ), 115 ( Chiron-2008-363 , ZPE-194-229 ), 134 ( CIL 16, 78 ), 136 ( ZPE-174-259 ), 145 ( RMD 3, 165 ), 146 ( RMD 4, 270 ), 147 ( Chiron-2008-307 ), 147/160 ( ZPE-190-305 ), 148/153 ( RMD 5, 412 ) and 157 ( Chiron-2008-309 , RMD 1, 50 ).
  4. ^ A b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 391, 397-398.
  5. ^ A b c d e f Julian Bennett : The Regular Roman Auxiliary Regiments Formed from the Provinces of Asia Minor , ANATOLICA XXXVII, 2011, pp. 251–274 here pp. 261–265 ( PDF ).
  6. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 164, 166 tables 8, 9 ( PDF ).
  7. ↑ a b c d e Florian Matei-Popescu, The Roman Army in Moesia Inferior, pp. 201–205, 299–300, 314.
  8. ↑ a b Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Auxilia Moesiae Superioris , Mega Publishing House 2018, ISBN 978-606-020-063-5 , pp. 46–47, 100, 127–129 ( online ).
  9. ↑ Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Participation of the Auxiliary Troops from Moesia Superior in Trajan's Dacian Wars In: Revue d'Archeologie et d'Histoire Ancienne Bucarest, 2006, pp. 127–140, here pp. 132–133 ( online ).
  10. ^ Inscription from Adamclisi ( AE 1957, 333 ).
  11. ↑ Inscription from Chersonesus Taurica ( CIL 3, 13751b ).
  12. ↑ Inscription from Dinogetia ( IScM-05, 00264 ).
  13. ↑ Inscription from Naissus ( CIL 3, 8250 ).
  14. ^ Inscription from Olbia ( AE 2004, 1289 ).
  15. ↑ Inscriptions from Sacidava ( AE 1981, 741 , AE 1981, 742 , AE 1981, 743 , AE 1981, 744 ).
  16. ↑ brick Sacidava : stamp COH I CIL ( ISCM 04, 00202a , ISCM 04, 00202b ).
  17. ^ Inscriptions from Tomis ( AE 1957, 192 , AE 1957, 193 ).