Concept d'Ivoirité
The Concept d'Ivoirité ( French for “Concept of Ivority”, or also “Ivorität” and “Ivorertum” from French Ivorité ) is a nationalistic and racist term in the Ivory Coast ( Côte d'Ivoire ).
It defines who, in the opinion of the supporters of this concept, is considered "Ivorians" and who is not. In 1990 passports were issued based on the Concept d'Ivoirité , which led to repression against immigrants. In 1994, then President Henri Konan Bédié introduced a law that made ivority a condition for running for president.
history
The Concept d'Ivoirité was developed in the 1970s . It was supposed to define the commonalities of the inhabitants of Ivory Coast, which has existed as an independent state since 1960. In this context, tensions first became apparent in the 1980s . In the Daloa region , there were conflicts between indigenous and immigrant populations, with the concept favoring the locals, including in relation to land ownership.
Alassane Ouattara , later disadvantaged by the concept himself, introduced ID cards as Prime Minister under Félix Houphouët-Boigny in 1990, which implemented the concept for the first time due to strict restrictions on origin. A large part of the immigrant population was denied ID because they were viewed as “non-Ivorians”. Migrants were often discriminated against by the security forces on the pretext of identity checks.
In 1994, the then president, Henri Konan Bédié , had the concept legally stipulated as a prerequisite for running for president. You had to live in Ivory Coast for at least five years and have Ivorian parents. This meant that Ouattara was no longer able to run in the 1995 presidential elections and the 2000 presidential elections because he was accused of having his mother from Burkina Faso . As a result, the Rassemblement des Républicains (RDR) and the Parti démocratique de Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI-RCA) boycotted the election in 2000, which was followed by a five-year civil war in 2002 .
Laurent Gbagbo , Ouattara's main opponent in the 2010/2011 government crisis , is a representative of the Concept d'Ivoirité .
See also
Web links
- Janine Fischer: Institutionalization of Racism Using the Example of Côte d'Ivoire. (pdf; 1.0 MB) In: University of Vienna. December 2008, accessed on April 29, 2011 ( political science master's thesis on the subject; supervisor: Ulrich Brand ).
- Judgment of the Higher Administrative Court. (pdf; 491 kB) In: Hamburg Higher Administrative Court - 4th Senate. April 22, 2010, accessed on October 24, 2011 (German judgment on grounds for asylum with ivority as the subject).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ute Schaeffer: An identity that divides instead of connecting. In: ARD . January 9, 2011, archived from the original on January 12, 2011 ; Retrieved April 29, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Thomas Scheen: A drama with an announcement. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . March 16, 2011, accessed March 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Sibylle Katja Bossart: Africa specialist Küng: "The question is: Who is Ivorian and who is not?" In: Tagesschau (SF) . January 14, 2011, archived from the original on March 9, 2011 ; Retrieved June 10, 2011 .