Copiapoa humilis
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Copiapoa humilis subsp. tenuissima |
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| Copiapoa humilis | ||||||||||||
| Hutchison |
Copiapoa humilis is a species of the genus Copiapoa in the cactus family(Cactaceae). The specific epithet humilis comes from Latin and means 'low'.
description
Copiapoa humilis sometimes grows individually, but mostly in groups with large taproots that are connected to the plant body with their long, slender necks. The olive-green to dark-green shoots are spherical in shape. They grow to be 4 to 8 inches high and 3 to 10 inches in diameter. The 8 to 16 ribs are clearly divided into cusps. The areoles are clearly removed from this. They are covered with white wool when young. Up to 4 central spines , sometimes missing on young shoots, are quite slender and protruding. They are gray, straight or curved, and 1 to 3.5 inches long. The 6 to 13 radial spines are needle-like. They lie against the body and are 0.2 to 2.5 centimeters long.
The dark yellow flowers are fragrant. They are 3 to 4 inches long. The round, bare fruits are bright red or green to brown and up to 8 millimeters long.
Distribution, systematics and endangerment
Copiapoa humilis is distributed in Chile in the Región de Antofagasta in the area between Tocopilla and Huasco close to the coast.
The first description was in 1953 by Paul Clifford Hutchison (1924-1997).
The following subspecies are distinguished:
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Copiapoa humilis subsp. australis Hoxey :
The first description was in 2004 by Paul Hoxey . The subspecies has flowers 2.5 centimeters long and up to 2 centimeters in diameter. They are bright yellow and have a faint reddish central stripe on the outside. -
Copiapoa humilis subsp. humilis :
Synonyms are Echinocactus humilis Philippi (1860, nom. illeg. ICBN -Article 53.1) and Echinocactus taltalensis Werderm. (1929). The nominate form has large, bright yellow flowers up to 5 centimeters in diameter. -
Copiapoa humilis subsp. longispina (F.Ritter) Doweld :
It was first described in 1963 as Copiapoa longispina by Friedrich Ritter . Alexander Borissovitch Doweld introduced the species as a subspecies to Copiapoa humilis in 2002 . The subspecies is very similar to the nominate form, but is much more thorny. -
Copiapoa humilis subsp. tenuissima (F.Ritter ex DRHunt) DRHunt :
It was first described in 2002 as Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. tenuissima by David Richard Hunt . A year later David Richard Hunt introduced the subspecies to Copiapoa humilis . The subspecies has yellow flowers that have a reddish tinge on the outside. They are 2.5 inches in diameter. -
Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (F.Ritter) DRHunt :
The first description was in 1980 as Copiapoa tocopillana by Friedrich Ritter. David Richard Hunt introduced the species as a subspecies to Copiapoa humilis in 2002 . The subspecies is the northernmost element of the Copiapoa humilis complex . The flowers have dark median stripes on the outside of the perianth segments.
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Copiapoa humilis subsp. variispinata (F.Ritter) DRHunt :
The first description was in 1980 as Copiapoa variispinata by Friedrich Ritter. David Richard Hunt introduced the species as a subspecies to Copiapoa humilis in 2002 . The subspecies has yellow flowers 3 centimeters in diameter with a reddish central stripe.
In the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN is the species as " Near Threatened (NT)", d. H. listed as low risk. The subspecies were not recorded separately.
proof
literature
- Edward F. Anderson : The Great Cactus Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5964-2 , pp. 139-141 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Birkhäuser, 2004, ISBN 3-540-00489-0 , p. 112.
- ^ Cactus and Succulent Journal . Vol. 25, Los Angeles 1953, p. 34.
- ↑ P. Hoxey: Some notes on Copiapoa humilis and the description of a new subspecies . In: British Cactus and Succulent Journal . Vol. 22, Issue 1, 2004, pp. 29-42.
- ↑ taxon; Official News Bulletin of the International Society for Plant Taxonomy . Vol. 12 Utrecht 1963, p. 31.
- ↑ Succulent . Vol. 4, Issue 1-2, 2002, p. 49.
- ↑ a b c Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives: Bulletin of the International Cactaceae Systematics Group. England . Volume 13, 2002, p. 14.
- ^ Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives: Bulletin of the International Cactaceae Systematics Group. England . Volume 16, 2003, p. 6.
- ↑ Friedrich Ritter : Cacti in South America . Volume III: Chile . Friedrich Ritter self-published, Spangenberg 1980, DNB 810098598 . , P. 1072.
- ↑ Friedrich Ritter: Cacti in South America . Volume III: Chile . Friedrich Ritter self-published, Spangenberg 1980, p. 1070 .
- ↑ Copiapoa humilis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Guerrero, P., Walter, HE, Faundez, L. & Saldivia, P., 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
