Corimelaenidae
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Corimelaenidae |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Corimelaenidae | ||||||||||||
| Uhler , 1872 |
The Corimelaenidae are a family of bugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Pentatomomorpha . Of them, more than 200 species in 12 genera are known. There are four species in Europe, two of them also in Central Europe. The classification of this group was very controversial in the course of their research and has not yet been fully explored. The possible integration within the family of earth bugs (Cydnidae), as has already happened several times historically, is still in the room.
features
The bugs have a strongly curved, enlarged shield ( scutellum ) that covers most of the forewings. You can mistake them for beetles . In the genus Parastrachia the label is long, slender and tapers towards the back. Many species have a pale colored exocorium of the Hemielytren and are otherwise colored contrasting black. Their tarsi are tripartite.
Characteristics that the classification of the family according to Grazia et al. Supports are the missing posterior (posterior) and humeral angles of the pronotum , the hips ( coxes ), which are fringed with setae , and the rails ( tibia ) of the forelegs, which carry a number of strong setae on the lateral margin. The last two characteristics, however, also support the monophyly of the Cydnidae sensu Dolling 1981.
Occurrence
The three genera of the former subfamily Thyreocorinae, Thyreocoris , Strombosoma and Carrabas , are common in the Old World ( Afrotropis , Palearctic and Orientalis ) and Parastrachia in the Orientalis. The remaining members of the family are found in the Western Hemisphere.
Way of life
At least three species from South America are known to live in association with ants. It is known from other species that both nymphs and adults live on plants well above the ground and that the eggs are also laid there. Occasionally, some species appear as pests, but are of little importance. It is known that Parastrachia japonensis females tend to brood . They lay their eggs in a shallow pit in the ground and protect both the clutch and the young nymphs. Otherwise they also live on the plants ( Schoepfia jasminodora ), where they suckle on the endosperm of the fruit.
Taxonomy and systematics
The position of the group was seen as very controversial in the course of their research and is still not fully clarified today. After an investigation based on morphological features and DNA sequences from 2008 by Grazia et al. The provisional but not established result showed that the group is of family rank, it includes the Thyreocorinae and the Parastrachiinae are to be counted as a subfamily. The latter two taxa were considered by other authors partly as independent families, partly as subfamilies or tribe of other families of the Pentatomoidea , such as the earth bugs (Cydnidae).
The following species occur in Europe:
- Thyreocoris balcanicus Schumacher, 1918
- Thyreocoris fulvipennis (Dallas, 1851)
- Thyreocoris ohridanus Kormilev, 1936
- Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (Linnaeus, 1758)
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 4: Pentatomomorpha II: Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae, Thyreocoridae, Plataspidae, Acanthosomatidae, Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae. (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 81st part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2008, ISBN 978-3-937783-36-9 , pp. 25 .
- ↑ a b c d Jocelia Grazia, Randall T. Schuh & Ward C. Wheeler: Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cladistics 24, pp. 932-976, 2008
- ↑ a b Thyreocoridae. Fauna Europaea, accessed April 22, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c R.T. Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, p. 222.
- ^ Family Cydnidae. (No longer available online.) Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, archived from the original on April 16, 2014 ; Retrieved April 24, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.