Crude
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Crngrob Ehrengruben am Moosbach |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| Country |
 Slovenia
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| Historic region | Upper Carniola / Gorenjska | ||||
| Statistical region | Podravska (Drau region) | ||||
| local community | Škofja Loka | ||||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 29 ' N , 14 ° 19' E | ||||
| height | 393 m. i. J. | ||||
| surface | 1.25 km² | ||||
| Residents | 46 (January 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density | 37 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Post Code | 4209 | ||||
| License Plate | Škofja Loka | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type | Village | ||||
| Website | |||||
Crngrob (pronounced: ˈtsəɾnɡɾɔp, in German: Ehrengruben am Moosbach ) is a village in the Slovenian municipality of Škofja Loka (German: Bischoflack )
Surname
The place was referred to as Erngrůb in the oldest sources in 1291 , later also as Errengrůb (1318) and Erngruben (1423). Contrary to most other sources, the etymologist Marko Snoj gives the years 1381 instead of 1318 and 1421 instead of 1423. The name comes from the Middle High German ern , which denoted the soil and grůb or gruab , gruobe , which in Bavarian usage referred to a depression in the ground. In New High German it became Erengrub and Ehrengruben . The Slovenian name originated from the corruption of the Bavarian name Erngrůb to the Slovenian Tscherngrůb , written Crngrob. The explanation for the name part crn = black was explained by a legend (see below under Legends and sagas).
geography
The village is located in the very north of the city limits of Škofja Loka on the border with the municipality of Kranj (German: Krainburg ). It is located at the foothills of the Križnogorje mountains and the Sorško field between 354 and 450 meters above sea level. It belongs to the Upper Carniola region , in Slovenian Gorjenska. The town of Škofja Loka is only four kilometers to the south.
Residents
The village consists of 19 houses in which 47 people lived in 2018.
| Population development | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2002 | 2011 | 2018 |
| 35 | 33 | 46 | 47 |
history
The whole area around Bischoflack was given on June 30, 973 by Emperor Otto II to the Bishop of Freising , Abraham von Freising . The Freising bishops called numerous settlers from the Duchy of Baiern into the country, who founded numerous villages around Bischoflack. So the name Erngrůb appears for the first time in 1291 in the land records of the Freising bishops.
The place experienced a strong boom when the pilgrimage to the Church of the Annunciation increased in the 15th century and the small village received a pilgrimage church that was oversized for the place by 1566.
In 1803 the area fell to Austria as part of the secularization and was incorporated into the Duchy of Carniola; from 1918 it was part of Yugoslavia.
During the Second World War there was fighting on the nearby hill Mali Rovt from March 27 to March 31, 1942. The 181st German Reserve Police Battalion surrounded partisans of Selška Company; 17 partisans died in the fighting, including the organizer of the uprising in the Upper Carniola, Stane Žagar; the number of German victims is unknown. In May 1945 mass murders occurred in Crngrob during the communist takeover . In the mass graves Crngrob 1 - 5 (Slovene: Grobišče Crngrob 1 - 5 ), also Balant (= name of the forest) mass grave (Slovene: Grobišča v Balantovem smrečju ) or Stenga (= field name) mass grave (Slovene: Grobišče pri Štengah ) called , are the bodies of 200 to 300 women, men and children. Among the victims were leading members of the government of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) with their family members, members of the Ustasha and probably members of the Slovenian Home Guard ( Slovensko domobranstvo ). The first murders began on May 20, 1945, most of the victims were murdered between May 22 and 25; there were occasional executions up to the end of May. During the communist rule, the existence of the mass graves was kept silent. It was not until 1991 that the Republic of Slovenia came to terms with the mass murders.
After 1945 the pilgrimages were banned by the communist government. Since 1990 annual pilgrimages have been carried out by the Catholic Church.
Hemma pilgrimage
The Hemma pilgrimage route runs through the village and leads along the Poljanska Sora (German: Pöllander Zaier ) via Skofja Loka and Crngrob to Austria.
Attractions
Church of the Annunciation
Today's Catholic Church of the Annunciation was built in 1410 in place of a smaller previous church to cope with the rush of numerous pilgrims who made pilgrimages to the miraculous image of “Mary and Jesus”. The church is famous for its unique frescoes from the Middle Ages. Inside is the largest main altar in Slovenia, a Baroque work from 1652 by Jurij Skarnos from Ljubljana. At 62 m, the church tower is the highest in the entire Škofja Loka area.
The red wayside shrine
The “red wayside shrine ” is one of the oldest wayside shrines in Slovenia; it was built around 1500 and was part of the pilgrimage route from Bischoflack to Ehrengruben. The unfortunately poorly preserved frescoes are a highlight of the Carniolan fresco painting of the Middle Ages. They were created by master Veit von Stein (Slovenian: Mojster Vid iz Kamnika )
Two more wooden wayside shrines were made in the 18th century along the pilgrimage route; the so-called “wooden stick”, created by an unknown artist and at the end of the pilgrimage route in front of the church, a wayside shrine by the Slovenian artist Anton Tušek.
Legends and sagas
The heathen girl
The heathen girl (Slovenian: ajdovska deklica ) was a giantess who lived in the woods around Bischoflack. Impressed by the piety of the residents, she helped build the church and dragged the heaviest and largest stones up the hill. Her hands were so big that she could use them to draw water from the Sava and quench the thirst of the workers. She worked day and night even in winter, so she caught a cold and died. One of her ribs was hung in the church in her honor, as a model for all Christians to stand up for the faith. It is popularly said that drops of blood fall from the rib every year. If no more drops fall, judgment day is approaching.
The tallest church tower
(Slovenian: najvišji stolp cerkve ) The pastor of Bischoflack had a dispute with the builder of the church tower of the Annunciation. The tower of his new church should not be higher than his steeple in Bischoflack. When the builder continued to work on raising his bell tower, the priest had the way blocked and forbade the sale of stones and wood to the builder and the craftsmen to work there. In his distress, the builder promised the devil his soul if he would help him finish the tower. When the tower was finished and higher than all the towers in Bischoflack, the builder climbed the tower and looked at his work. Suddenly there was a gust of wind that blew the builder from the tower and knocked him to the ground. At the point where the builder appeared, there was a hole in the earth and the grass burned black: the devil had taken his soul with him. That is why this place was then called Crngrob, which means something like "black pit".
The rock rest
Near the red wayside shrine is a rock formation that looks like a seat. According to legend, the Virgin Mary stopped here when she was on the way to visit her church in pits of honor. Out of awe and to make Mary comfortable, the rocks collapsed. Another legend tells that the heathen girl (Slovene: ajdovska deklica ) - see above - stopped here when the church was being built and crushed the rocks in the process. The rock is therefore also called the “seat of the heathen girl”. Another story tells that people who sit there all night get "as big as weeds", that is, they grow very tall very quickly. A mother who lived in Bischoflack took advantage of this. She had nine sons, all of them giant, but the tenth was so small and delicate that the slightest breeze blew around him. Then the mother put him on the seat of the heathen girl and said: “Sit here and grow until you are as big as your brothers!” The very next day he was a bit bigger and he stayed seated until he became a giant like his brothers .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru ( The Lexicon of the Municipalities and State Regions represented in the National Assembly ), Volume 6; Kranjsko ; Vienna, 1906.
- ↑ France Bezlaj: Etimološki slovar Slovenskega jezika ( Etymological Dictionary of the Slovenian language ), Volume 1; Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti ( Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ), p. 67; Ljubljana, 1977
- ↑ Marko Snoj: Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen ( Etymological Dictionary of Slovenian Geographical Names ), p. 92; Ljubljana: 2009
- ^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language; 22nd edition, Berlin, 1989
- ^ Statistični urad Republike Slovenije
- ↑ Clemens Dasler: Forest and Wildbann in the early German Empire: the royal privileges for the imperial church from the 9th to the 12th century. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2001, ISBN 978-3-412-12800-5 , p. 86
- ^ Roman Savnik, ed. 1968: Krajevni leksikon Slovenije ( Local Lexicon of Slovenia ), Volume 1; P. 355; Ljubljana, 1968.
- ↑ Crngrob 1 Mass Grave on Geopedia
- ↑ Crngrob 2 Mass Grave on Geopedia
- ↑ Crngrob 3 Mass Grave on Geopedia
- ↑ Crngrob 4 Mass Grave on Geopedia
- ↑ Crngrob 5 Mass Grave on Geopedia
- ^ Alojzij Florjančič: Pavel. 2001. Povojna grobišča v Crngrobu. Lošli razgledi 28 ( memorial cemeteries in Crngrob, "Bad prospect" )
- ↑ Register nepremične kulturne dediščine: Reference number ešd 3262 In situla.org, accessed on January 30, 2019 (Slovenian Ministry of Culture; Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage)
- ↑ Turizem Škofja Loka, Kidirčeva cesta 1a
- ↑ Turizem Škofja Loka, Kidirčeva cesta 1a