Church of the Annunciation (Crngrob)
| Annunciation
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|---|---|
| Denomination : | Roman Catholic |
| Consecration year : | around 1250 |
| Rank: | Pilgrimage and branch church |
| Parish : | Saint George, Stara Loka |
| Address: | 4209 Žabnica, Crngrob 20 |
Coordinates: 46 ° 11 ′ 52.8 " N , 14 ° 18 ′ 21.6" E
The Church of the Annunciation is a pilgrimage church and subsidiary church in the parish of Stara Loka ( German: Altenlack ), a district of Škofja Loka (German: Bischoflack ) in Slovenia .
location
The church is located in the village of Crngrob (German: Ehrengruben am Moosbach ) which belongs to the town of Škofja Loka, on a 425 m high hill above the village, above Sorško polje. The church is part of the Hemma pilgrimage route, which leads along the Poljanska Sora (German: Pöllander Zaier ) via Skofja Loka and Crngrob to Austria.
history
The first small church was probably built around 1250. As the oldest wall paintings show, it was a Romanesque building with a semicircular apse . Of this building, only the north wall and parts of the northeast corner remain.
In 1410 the church was extended by a side aisle to seven meters wide and that with a length of only eight meters, so that the interior was almost square. The bell tower was attached to the south side. In 1425 the church was first mentioned as a place of pilgrimage; however, it can be assumed that the pilgrimages began earlier. Due to the large flow of pilgrims, it was decided to expand the church to the south. The bell tower was demolished and the interior was divided into three naves of equal size, which were closed with flat wooden ceilings. By 1453, the wooden ceilings were replaced by Gothic ribbed vaults on the basis of a vow .
From 1520 to 1524, the church was rebuilt again under Master Georg von Bischoflack (Slovenian: Mojster Jurko iz Loke ): A new presbytery was created for all three naves, which does not have columns and is only supported by six struts. A new church tower was built on the south side, but Georg von Bischoflack did not live to see its completion in 1530.
Since one was dissatisfied with the proportions of the massive church tower in relation to the nave, the tower was raised twice, in 1551 and 1566, by two stories each to a total of 62 m.
The last structural change took place in 1858: under the architect Giovanni Battista Molinaro (Slovenian: Janez Krstnik Molinaro ) an antechamber with arcades in neo-Gothic style was built.
architecture
The structure is one of the Gothic embossed hall church with three equally high and wide aisles . The hall character is emphasized again by the presbytery, which extends over all three naves; an important aspect for the reception of the numerous pilgrims. The keystone in the altar arch, which shows the coat of arms of the Principality of Freising , to whose territory the area around Bischoflack belonged until 1803, is noteworthy .
Only a few parts of the northern outer wall and part of the north-western corner of the previous Romanesque building exist. The bell tower has had a baroque onion dome since 1661 .
The entrance hall with the arcades was built in the neo-Gothic style.
Furnishing
Murals
The church is known for its medieval paintings. The oldest paintings date from the end of the 13th century, including the
- Marian cycle from 1300 to 1320 by an unknown artist. It is one of the oldest frescoes in Slovenia.
- the frescoes on the outer walls to the west are the second oldest in the church. In style, they are closely based on the Friulian School and Giotto . They were created around 1370 to 1380 by the unknown master from Ehrengrub (Slovenian: Mojster Crngrobske ).
- the most famous is the unfortunately poorly preserved fresco from 1450 The Holy Sunday (Slovenian: Sveta Nedelja ) by Johannes von Laibach (Slovenian: Janez Ljubljanski ). It shows 47 tasks, arranged around a Christ on the cross, that should not be done on Sunday (for example bathing).
- In 1453 the interior of the church was redecorated by the unknown "Master Wolfgangus" (Slovene: Mojstra Bolfgangus ). The depictions of the birth of Jesus and the order of the saints are among the most beautiful medieval frescoes in Slovenia. Copies of these frescoes hang in the Slovenian National Gallery in Ljubljana.
- In 1464 the large Christophorus fresco was created in the south aisle; the artist is unknown.
- In 1644 the vestibule of the choir was decorated with the most recent fresco in the church .
- The Christophorus fresco was created around 1850 on the west side of the bell tower, painted by Johannes Gosar von Krainburg (Slovenian: Janez Gosar iz Kranj ).
Interior
The baroque main altar in the central nave is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It is the largest main altar in Slovenia; It was created in 1652 by the sculptor Jurij Skarnos from Ljubljana. It is ten meters high and contains almost a hundred figures. It was gilded by Jakob Jamšek from Škofja Loka. The main painting “Annunciation”, oil on canvas, from 1796 is by the Krainburg painter Leopold Layer .
The two side altars are dedicated to Saint Ursula of Cologne (Slovene: Sveta Uršula ) and Saint Agnes of Rome (Slovene: Sveta Neža ).
There are also six other side altars in the church, the so-called "Golden Altars" (Slovenian: zlatih oltarjev ). Two of these altars were created by Hilarion von Göttingen, as was the pulpit; the artist is unknown to the others. The most beautiful and artistically most demanding side altar is that for St. Martin from 1680. The other altars are dedicated to St. Achatius of Byzantium (Slovenian: Sveta Ahaca ) and St. Lucia of Syracuse (Slovenian: Sveta Lucija ).
The wrought iron grilles were made by Gregor Jesenko, a master from Škofja Loka.
The baroque organ was installed in 1743 and was made by Johannes Franz Janečka (also Janečeck).
Miraculous image
The miraculous image, the actual goal of the pilgrimage, is a small Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary. In the left she carries the baby Jesus, in the right she holds a scepter. The statue dates from the early 17th century. It is located above the tabernacle. The previous Gothic figure was lost.
Pagan girl's rib
The rib of a whale has been hanging over the Saint Martin's altar since around 1453 (also incorrectly called the mammalian rib). According to legend, it belonged to the heathen girl (Slovenian: Ajdovska deklica ). See also under legends and sagas.
Peal
The bell in the church tower consists of four bells. The oldest and largest bell was cast by Vincent Samass in the Ljubljana bell foundry in 1807. The three smaller ones were created in 1861 under his successor Anton Samass. The striking notes are h ° - dis' - f sharp '- h'.
Legends and sagas
The heathen girl
The heathen girl (Slovenian: ajdovska deklica ) was a giantess who lived in the woods around Bischoflack. Impressed by the piety of the residents, she helped build the church and dragged the heaviest and largest stones up the hill. Her hands were so big that she could use them to draw water from the Sava and quench the thirst of the workers. She worked day and night even in winter, so she caught a cold and died. One of her ribs was hung in the church in her honor, as a model for all Christians to stand up for the faith. It is popularly said that drops of blood fall from the rib every year. If no more drops fall, judgment day is approaching.
The tallest church tower
(Slovenian: najvišji stolp cerkve ) The pastor of Bischoflack had a dispute with the builder of the church tower of the Annunciation. The tower of his new church should not be higher than his steeple in Bischoflack. When the builder continued to work on raising his bell tower, the priest had the way blocked and forbade the sale of stones and wood to the builder and the craftsmen to work there. In his distress, the builder promised the devil his soul if he would help him finish the tower. When the tower was finished and higher than all the towers in Bischoflack, the builder climbed the tower and looked at his work. Suddenly there was a gust of wind that blew the builder from the tower and knocked him to the ground. At the point where the builder appeared, there was a hole in the earth and the grass burned black: the devil had taken his soul with him. That is why this place was then called Crngrob, which means something like "black pit".
Photo gallery
View from the west with Christophorus fresco
Christophorus fresco from 1850 on the church tower
West side of the church
Neo-Gothic porch from 1858
Gothic side entrance
Frescoes by the “Master from Ehrengrub”, created 1370 - 1380; "The sufferings of Christ"
Cycle of frescoes by the "Master from Ehrengrub"
Detail from the fresco "Holy Sunday: the hunt"
Detail from the fresco "Holy Sunday: Fishing"
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Ministry of Culture of Slovenia; Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage, No. ešd 72
- ^ Encyclopedia of Slovenia, Volume 4; Ljubljana, 1990 ( Enciklopedija Slovenije )
- ^ Slovenian National Tourist Association site
- ↑ Marijan Zadnikar: spomeniki cerkvene arhitekture in umetnost; Celje, 1973 ( monuments of church architecture and art )
- ↑ http://www.zupnija-staraloka.si/crngrob.html
- ^ Encyclopedia of Slovenia, Volume 2; Ljubljana, 1988 ( Enciklopedija Slovenije Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga )
- ↑ http://www.zupnija-staraloka.si/crngrob.html
- ↑ Turizem Škofja Loka, Kidirčeva cesta 1a
