Regis Curia
Curia Regis is a Latin term and referred to the “Royal Council” or “Court of Justice of the King” as the administrative authorities of the King.
Holy Roman Empire
In the Holy Roman Empire , “curia” was used to denote the estates that consulted separately at the imperial and state parliaments , as well as the court assembly.
Kingdom of England
In England in the Middle Ages the Curia Regis was an assembly of crown vassals and clergymen of the empire, which usually met three times a year after a call-up order at court to advise the king.
With the Norman conquest from 1066 onwards, this most developed feudal system on the European continent also came to England. A Curia Regis was formed from the direct vassals of the Crown, Norman and Anglo-Saxon. Their job was to speak justice and to grant subsidies for the king. It replaced its predecessor, the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot , a council with only minor functions, because previously legal cases rarely reached the highest court and the royal administrative costs could be covered from the crown's property until then.
After the conquest, William the Conqueror curtailed the power of the Earls , who in Anglo-Saxon times owned very extensive estates. He gave small lands to his most important military allies. Although Wilhelm was an absolutist ruler, he always sought the advice of the Curia Regis when legislating.
The earls fought for power with the clergy and the king. In 1215 they forced Johann Ohneland to sign the Magna Charta . This stipulated that the king was not allowed to collect or introduce any taxes except for the tithe without the consent of the council . It was also stipulated that the earls, as well as the archbishops , bishops and abbots, had to be personally invited by the king to the assembly, parlément or parliament.
In 1265, Simon V. de Montfort , who against his brother-in-law Heinrich III. rebelled, his supporters without prior royal approval to a parliament. In addition to 120 churchmen and 23 earls, two knights from each county and two citizens from each borough were invited - the first time that commoners took part in an English parliament.
De Montfort's new rules were formally confirmed in 1295 by Edward I with the Model Parliament . Over time, the English Parliament developed from this .
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Curia Regis . West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 2nd Edition (2008). Retrieved September 8, 2016.
- ^ Iring Fetscher : Political Science. A lecture series of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University with the Hessischer Rundfunk , Volume 3, Part Two, On the History of English Parliamentarism , Fischer Bücherei, Frankfurt 1968, p. 103ff.