Cyatheaceae
| Cyatheaceae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cyatheaceae | ||||||||||||
| Kaulf. |
The Cyatheaceae are a plant family of the order tree ferns (Cyatheales). The more than 600 species are distributed almost worldwide and thrive mainly in tropical areas.
features
The species of the Cyatheaceae usually form upright trunks with a polycyclic dictyostele . The tip of the shoot and mostly also the petiole bases are covered with large scales, sometimes with small scales (trichomidia) or with hairs. The leaves are usually large and reach 5 meters in length. The petiole has two conspicuous pneumathodes. The leaf blades are one to three times pinnate, rarely they are undivided. The nerves are simply or bifurcated, end free or rarely anastomose (mostly in Cyathea ).
The sori are on the underside of the leaf or at the end of the nerves, on the leaf margin (marginal) or close to it (submarginal, in Hymenophyllopsis ). The Sori are round, without indusia or with saucer-shaped, cup-shaped or spherical indusia. In the case of Hymenophyllopsis , the indusia are bilobed. The sporangia mature one after the other, the annulus is dark. Usually paraphyses occur. The spores are tetrahedral, trilet (three-pointed stigma) and decorated in different ways.
The gametophyte is green and heart-shaped.
The basic chromosome number is x = 69.
Distribution and paleobotany
The Cyatheacae family is found almost worldwide in the tropics. In the history of the earth, representatives of the family have been known since the Jurassic or the early Cretaceous .
Systematics
The Cyatheacae family was established in 1827 by Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss in Das Wesen der Farrenkräuter , page 119.
The Cyatheacae family is monophyletic to over 600 species . The scope of the genera is controversial. Smith et al. In 2006 five genera, Korall et al. 2007 four genera in Christenhusz et al. In 2011 four genera were given, but genera and subtaxa were postponed during this period. The information on the scope and delimitation of the taxa are assessed very differently by the authors and the research groups sometimes do not follow the latest publications.
The genus of the Cyatheacae family with the most species, with about half of the species, is Cyathea , its size is controversially discussed.
supporting documents
- Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, Paul G. Wolf: A classification for extant ferns. In: Taxon. Volume 55, No. 3, 2006, ISSN 0040-0262 , pp. 705-731, abstract, PDF file .
- Petra Korall, David S. Conant, Jordan S. Metzgar, Harald Schneider, Kathleen M. Pryer: A Molecular Phylogeny of Scaly Tree Ferns (Cyatheaceae). In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 94, 2007, pp. 873-886, DOI: 10.3732 / ajb.94.5.873 .
- Maarten JM Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang, Harald Schneider: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 19, 2011, p. 12. online doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.19.1.2
Individual evidence
- ^ Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, Paul G. Wolf: A classification for extant ferns. In: Taxon. Volume 55, No. 3, 2006, ISSN 0040-0262 , pp. 705–731, abstract, ( Memento of the original dated February 12, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF file .
- ^ Petra Korall, David S. Conant, Jordan S. Metzgar, Harald Schneider, Kathleen M. Pryer: A Molecular Phylogeny of Scaly Tree Ferns (Cyatheaceae). In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 94, 2007, pp. 873-886, DOI: 10.3732 / ajb.94.5.873 .
- ↑ Maarten JM Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang, Harald Schneider: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 19, 2011, p. 12. online doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.19.1.2
