Daimler-Benz DB 603

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Daimler-Benz DB 603
DB 603 E.jpg
Daimler-Benz DB 603E
Type: Twelve-cylinder - V engine
Design country:

German Reich NSGerman Reich (Nazi era) German Empire

Manufacturer:

Daimler Benz

Production time:

1942-1945

Number of pieces:

8,758

The Daimler-Benz DB 603 was a liquid-cooled, twelve-cylinder engine - aircraft engine with 44.5 liters of displacement and direct fuel injection by Daimler-Benz . A total of 8,758 engines were produced from 1942 to 1945.

technology

The DB 603 was developed from the "small" aircraft engine DB 605 (displacement 35.7 liters) in order to achieve higher performance for the purpose of driving bombers or similar multi-engine aircraft . Like this, it was designed as a V-engine with a 60 ° bank angle and mechanical supercharging .

By enlarging the bore of the DB-605 engine by 8 mm to 162 mm and the stroke from 160 mm to 180 mm, the new engine had 8.8 liters more displacement. The individual cylinder thus had a displacement of around 3.7 liters. The starting performance of the first series execution DB 603 A was 1.750 hp at 2,700 min -1 (compared to 1,475 HP at 2,800 min -1 in DB 605).

A characteristic of the Daimler-Benz engine, like its predecessors since the Daimler-Benz F4A prototype built in 1932, was the installation with "hanging" cylinders ( crankshaft on top, hence also called " A-motor "). The hanging arrangement also made it easier to access cylinder heads ( valve control ) and spark plugs during maintenance.

The engine block was made of cast aluminum and contained steel cylinder liners . It had an overhead camshaft ( OHC valve control ) driven by a vertical shaft for each cylinder bank , which actuated four valves per cylinder via roller rocker arms. Each cam operated an exhaust valve and an intake valve in turn. The exhaust valves were sodium cooled . The engine had a contact controlled dual ignition ( Bosch - twin magneto ) having two spark plugs (Bosch DW250ET 7-10) per cylinder. The firing order of the DB 603A was 1–11–2–9–4–7–6–8–5–10–3–12.

Controlled by a vacuum device depending on the height, the crankshaft drove the mechanical loader via a hydraulic clutch. This had the task of compensating for the filling level, which would otherwise decrease with increasing altitude due to the decreasing air pressure, and the resulting drop in performance. The full pressure height was 5,700 meters; above this the engine continuously lost power.

A direct fuel injection system with a mechanical 12-piston injection pump was used to supply fuel . The oil supply was circulated through dry sump lubrication with three oil pumps (one pressure and two suction pumps; one per cylinder head ). The engine speed was reduced by a propeller gear with straight-toothed spur gears .

The double motor DB 613 represented a special form , which consisted of two coupled (mirror-inverted) DB 603 that drove a propeller shaft.

Problems

When the DB 603 was introduced in 1942/1943, there were initial problems with reliability; the planned 100 operating hours until the major overhaul were only approximately achieved in 1944. At the beginning, the engines often had to be replaced after 40 hours of operation.

commitment

The DB 603 was used in different versions as an engine for the Dornier Do 217 , Dornier Do 335 , Heinkel He 219 , Messerschmitt Me 309 , Focke-Wulf Ta 152 , Messerschmitt Me 410 and Fiat G.56 .

Versions

Serial versions

  • DB 603A : 5,700 m full head; B4 fuel, 87 octane; 1942/43
Takeoff power: 1,290 kW (1,750 PS) at 2,700 rpm at sea level
  • DB 603AA : DB 603A with larger loader and 7,300 m full pressure altitude, B4 fuel; 1944
Takeoff power: 1,231 kW (1,670 hp) at 2,700 rpm
  • DB 603E : 7,000 m full pressure altitude , B4 fuel; 1944/45
Take-off power: 1,327 kW (1,800 hp) at 2,700 rpm

Planning and prototypes

  • DB 603G : DB 603A with higher compression; C3 fuel, 100 octane; Development stopped in 1944
Take-off power: 1,395 kW (1,900 hp) at 2,700 rpm
  • DB 603L / LA : prototypes with two-stage charger, B4 fuel; 1944/45
Takeoff power: 1,470 kW (2,000 hp), full pressure altitude 9,200 m
  • DB 603N : prototypes with two-stage charger, C3 fuel; 1944/45
Take-off power: 2,060 kW (2,800 PS) at 3,000 rpm, full pressure altitude 11,000 m
Takeoff power: 1,285 kW (1,750 PS)
  • DB 603U : prototypes with turbocharger, full pressure height 13,000 m

Note: All performance data for start / emergency service at sea level

Technical data DB 603 A

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The history of FW 190. Retrieved March 27, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Motor manual DB603A (November 1943) . Edition May 1944 edition.

Web links

Commons : Daimler-Benz DB 603  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files