Daniel Schürmann

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Daniel Schürmann (born February 11, 1752 in Lüttringhausen ; † February 25, 1838 ) was a German educator and writer of textbooks, especially for elementary school students.

origin

Daniel Schürmann was the son of a teacher in the time to Luettringhausen and today Ronsdorf belonging local situation on the Heidt born. At the age of 18 he was already active as a teacher from June 2, 1770 in the Hofschule auf dem Hohenhagen , which at that time still belonged to Lennep . On April 2, 1773 he took over the apprenticeship and church services of his sick father in Odenspiel . On the recommendation of his brother, he switched to the garrison school in Geldern in August 1773 , where, among other things, he was able to greatly improve his knowledge of mathematics. He then worked in Wiedenest from July 28, 1777 , where in January 1779 he married the youngest daughter of the smelting factor Brölemann. He had three children with her, but only one daughter reached adulthood. In Wiedenest he got to know Pastor Goes, who was to have a strong influence on his teaching methods. In February 1781 he received the call to Leuscheid in the Upper Bergisches Amt Windeck .

Grave of Daniel Schürmann

From October 31, 1785, he was appointed head of the Lutheran parish school in Remscheid, where most of his textbooks were written. The position of teacher and rector was also connected with the task of organist at the church. His first wife died there in 1793. In 1794 he married the widow of the teacher Hölterhoff, who brought three sons into the marriage. Their son Daniel (* 1795) later became a teacher in Osnabrück.

His textbooks

Schürmann's arithmetic book in the local history museum RS

The works that appeared in 13 editions from 1801, including titles such as Practical School Book of Common Arithmetic Art and Geometry and Algebra , allowed the result of an arithmetic problem to be casually supplemented locally with the words According to Schürmann's arithmetic book to become a standing term, as elsewhere the words after Adam Riese . The arithmetic book was very practical. Under the heading “Counting things”, the pupils learned common quantity terms (1 almond = 15 pieces, 1 large = 12 dozen, 1 shock = 60 pieces). Under the title “peculiar heaviness” he dealt with the specific weight “of metallic and other bodies”, which he “calculated against the gravity of pure water”. In his lessons he tried to encourage the students to think for themselves, in contrast to the previously common memorization . The tasks in his textbooks were based on daily tasks, for example the often necessary conversion of the often different measurements and weights in different regions.

His initiatives

In 1793 he founded a teachers' society, which enabled an exchange of experiences between colleagues and also sought to promote further training for teachers by procuring books and magazines on pedagogy . He has also written a draft for examining teachers . He advocated state instead of the previously usual denominational school supervision, state school building and teacher pay, also suggested a widow's fund and participated in its establishment. In 1816, the “Mathematical Society” in Hamburg appointed Daniel Schürmann together with his son Daniel as a member.

Schürmann's legacy

Daniel Schürmann - painting in the Museum Haus Cleff

Schürmann suffered a stroke in 1819 and left school at his own request in 1820 after 50 years of service. He died on February 25, 1838. In 1888, the Remscheid teaching staff had a man-high stone cross erected on a solid base in his memory, which can be found as part of his grave site, which is under permanent care, near the chapel in the Remscheid city cemetery. However, the inscription is only partially recognizable. The tomb itself was placed under monument protection by the city of Remscheid on June 24, 2002 .

The former Lutheran parish school in Remscheid - renamed the “local school” from 1825 - got its name on the occasion of the 175th birthday of the Bergisch school reformer. From 1785 to 1820 he was its director. In 1968 the previous elementary school became a community elementary school; the name of the Daniel Schürmann School was retained. The Daniel-Schürmann-Straße in Remscheid, the Daniel-Schürmann-Weg in Wuppertal-Ronsdorf, the Schürmannweg in Solingen - Höhscheid and the Schürmannstraße in Bergneustadt - Wiedenest also bear his name. A great-grandson of Daniel Schürmann living in Berlin, Dr. Stiepel, found out in 1927 through a newspaper report that the school was being renamed and commissioned the Berlin artist Felix Ehrlich (1866–1931) to make a portrait of Schürmann. He made the magnificent oil painting a gift to the Daniel Schürmann School. It was restored in 2013 and has since been on display in Haus Cleff in Remscheid-Hasten .

Works (selection)

  • Small Bergische Vaterlandskunde: a New Year's present for school children and intended for future use in schools . Elberfeld, 1799. ( digitized version )
  • Brief history of the school system in the Bergisches Lande
  • A little Bergische story
  • Practical textbook of common arithmetic and geometry , 1801–1850 (13 editions)
  • Brief instruction on algebra for school and private use , 1805 ( digitized version )
  • Contributions to the Rheinische Blätter (from 1827), teachers' books (after 1820), monthly for education and teaching
  • Draft for the examination of teachers

literature

  • Hans-Jürgen Roth: History of our city. Remscheid with Lennep and Lüttringhausen . RGA-Buchverlag, Remscheid 2008, ISBN 978-3-940491-01-5 . , P. 216f.
  • Schürmann, Daniel . In: Karl Gottlob Hergang (Hrsg.): Pedagogical Real-Encyclopadie: or encyclopedia dictionary des Erziehungs- u. Education and its history .... (Haas - Ulrich Zwingli) . 2nd Edition. tape 2 . Verlag-Comptoir, Grimma and Leipzig 1852, p. 659–660 ( online in Google Book Search [accessed May 26, 2014]).
  • P. Faßbender: Daniel Schürmann, a Bergisch school man, depicted according to his character, life and work in concise brevity (with an upper writing or a fac simile of his handwriting and the deceased's portrait) . Lukas, Elberfeld 1838.
  • Schürmann, Daniel . In: Rosenthal (Ed.): Teacher friend, magazine for education and school system . 1st episode, 1st volume. Osnabrück 1838, p. 84 f .
  • Diesterweg: Schürmann, Daniel . In: Rheinische Blätter . tape 20 , no. 2 , 1839, p. 258 f .
  • Horn: In memory of Daniel Schürmann . In: Library for Educational History Research of the German Institute for International Educational Research (Ed.): Evangelisches Schulblatt and German school newspaper . No. 4 . Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1887, p. 138–144 ( PDF [accessed May 26, 2014]).
  • Daniel Schürmann: Silent celebration to overview my 50 years of office and to entertain my close family and some other friends . In: Library for Educational History Research of the German Institute for International Educational Research (Ed.): Evangelisches Schulblatt and German school newspaper . No. 4 . Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1887, p. 145–157 ( PDF [accessed May 26, 2014]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monument List City of Remscheid, No. 636
personal data
SURNAME Schürmann, Daniel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator and textbook author
DATE OF BIRTH February 11, 1752
PLACE OF BIRTH Luettringhausen
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1838