Danischmend Ghazi

Danischmend Ghazi , with full name Gümüştekin Danischmend Ahmed Ghazi or Danischmend Taylu († 1104 ), was the founder of the Danischmend dynasty . After the advance of the Turks , who defeated the Byzantines in the Battle of Manzikert , the Danischmends controlled the northern and central part of Anatolia .

Name and title

Danischmend Ghazi is known by different names. Since Danischmend Ghazi's son was also called Gümüştekin, the father is often briefly called Danischmend Ghazi and the son Emir Ghazi. Danischmend Ghazi is also sometimes given the title Malik . The title of Malik was only bestowed on the dynasty in 1134 by the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad . Nevertheless, contemporaries and historians retrospectively applied the name to Danischmend Ghazi. Danischmend received the title Ghāzī (winner) because of his services in the war.

Some sources claim that the Danishmends were relatives of the Seljuk sultans.

Life

Danischmend Ghazi conquered the city of Niksar and made it his capital. Later he conquered Sivas , Tokat and Euchaita . From 1097 onwards, his empire was often harassed by the Rum Seljuks ; only the appearance of the crusaders led to temporary unity. During the first crusade , the crusaders threatened to march directly through the area of ​​Danischmend Ghazis. Danischmend Ghazi took part in the Battle of Dorylaeum on the Rum-Seljuk side in 1097 . The battle ended in defeat, but the crusaders then chose the more arduous route via Iconium , via which they avoided Danischmend Ghazi's centers of power. In 1100 he was able to capture Bohemond of Taranto ; He was able to defeat the crusader armies that invaded his territory in 1101 . Danischmend Ghazi extended its territory to the south and took Malatya in 1103 .

Danischmend's alleged grave is in Niksar. His successor was his son, Emir Ghazi Gümüştekin .

Danischmend Ghazi posthumously became the hero of the epic Danischmendname , whose stories are mixed with those of the historically elusive Battal Ghazi . The individual stories of the Danischmendname were only compiled into a book under Sultan Kai Kobad I. vom Rum . The Danischmendname received its final form in the 15th century under the Ottoman Sultan Murad III.

literature

• Clifford Edmund Bosworth: The New Islamic Dynasties. A Chronological and Genealogical Manual . Edinburgh University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-7486-2137-7 .
• Irène Mélikoff: La geste de Melik Dānişmend. Étude critique du Dānişmendnāme. Librairie Adrien-Maisonneuve, Paris 1960.

Web links

• Danischmend Ghazi . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)
• Tailu (Danişmend) at Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (fmg.ac)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ see Melik Gazi Tomb ( memento of the original from April 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at archnet.org 
2. ↑ Cf. Gümüştekin (Muhammad / Amir Ghazi) at fmg.ac

predecessor	Office	successor
––	Danish-Mendic ruler 1071–1104	Gümüştekin