Tokat

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Tokat
Tokat Coat of Arms
Tokat (Turkey)
Red pog.svg
Tokat panorama 2012.JPG
Basic data
Province (il) : Tokat
Coordinates : 40 ° 19 '  N , 36 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 18 '35 "  N , 36 ° 33' 15"  E
Height : 623  m
Residents : 153,840 (2019)
Telephone code : (+90) 356
Postal code : 60,000
License plate : 60
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Structure : 42 Mahalle
Mayor : Eyüp Eroğlu ( AKP )
Postal address : Alipaşa Mahallesi
GOP. Bulvarı No: 184
60100 Tokat
Website:
Tokat County
Residents : 199,805 (2019)
Surface: 2,003 km²
Population density : 100 inhabitants per km²
Template: Infobox location in Turkey / maintenance / district
Entrance to the Gök madrasah from 1275

Tokat ( Armenian Եւդոկիա Ewdokia ; Greek Τοκάτη, Τοκάτιον) is the capital of the Turkish province of Tokat and at the same time the center of a district directly subordinate to the governor (Vali), the central district ( Merkez ). The city lies between Sivas and Niksar in the Yeşilırmak valley . It is about 320 kilometers to the west to the state capital Ankara.

geography

district

The central district (Merkez) Tokat is centrally located in the province. In the West, the circles limits (with the southernmost starting) Yeşilyurt , Artova , Pazar and Turhal , bordered to the north of the county Erbaa , in the northeast of the county Niksar , in the southeastern borders of the district Almus and finally in the south of the county Yildizeli (province of Sivas ).

In terms of area and population, the district is the largest district in the province and has the highest population density with 100.5 inhabitants per km² (for comparison, the province has 61.0 inhabitants per km²). In addition to the provincial capital (around a quarter of the provincial population at the end of 2018), the district consists of four other municipalities ( Belediye ):

  • Çamlıbel (4,093)
  • Çat (3,935)
  • Güryıldız (2,104)
  • Emirseyite (2,054 pop.)

In addition, 107 villages with an average of 323 residents belong to the district. The largest villages are:

  • Taşlıçiftlik (1,648)
  • Semerci (1,554)
  • Büyükyıldız (1,168)
  • Ormanbeyli (1,082)
  • Küçükbağlar (1,030)
  • Kemalpaşa (1,016)
  • Gozova (977)
  • Çerçi (776)
  • Yağmurlu (731 pop.)

43 of the villages have 323 or more inhabitants (= average).

The urban population in the central district is 82.80 percent.

Climate table

Tokat (611 m)
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
39
 
6th
-2
 
 
37
 
8th
-1
 
 
41
 
13
2
 
 
60
 
19th
7th
 
 
63
 
23
10
 
 
36
 
27
13
 
 
11
 
29
16
 
 
7.2
 
30th
16
 
 
17th
 
27
12
 
 
49
 
21st
9
 
 
52
 
13
3
 
 
44
 
8th
0
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010
Monthly Average Temperatures and Rainfall for Tokat (611 m)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 6.4 8.0 13.1 19.2 23.4 26.9 29.3 30.1 26.9 20.7 13.2 7.8 O 18.8
Min. Temperature (° C) -1.5 -1.2 2.2 6.7 9.8 13.0 15.7 15.8 12.4 8.5 3.1 0.2 O 7.1
Temperature (° C) 2.1 3.1 7.3 12.6 16.4 19.9 22.5 22.7 19.0 13.8 7.5 3.7 O 12.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 38.6 36.5 40.5 60.3 63.3 36.1 11.2 7.2 17.0 49.1 52.0 44.1 Σ 455.9
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.8 3.8 5.0 6.2 7.5 8.6 8.8 9.4 8.4 6.0 4.2 2.5 O 6.1
Rainy days ( d ) 11.7 11.5 12.6 13.5 14.1 8.8 3.3 2.7 5.1 9.1 10.8 12.7 Σ 115.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
6.4
-1.5
8.0
-1.2
13.1
2.2
19.2
6.7
23.4
9.8
26.9
13.0
29.3
15.7
30.1
15.8
26.9
12.4
20.7
8.5
13.2
3.1
7.8
0.2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		38.6
36.5
40.5
60.3
63.3
36.1
11.2
7.2
17.0
49.1
52.0
44.1
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

population

Population development

The following table shows the comparative population level at the end of the year for the province, the central district and the city of Tokat as well as the respective share at the higher administrative level. The figures are based on the address-based population register (ADNKS) introduced in 2007.

year province district city
absolutely proportionally (%) absolutely proportionally (%) absolutely
2018 612,646 32.86 201.294 76.75 154,495
2017 602.086 32.62 196.386 77.56 152.314
2016 602,662 31.87 192.065 77.13 148.149
2015 593,990 31.77 188,736 75.62 142,724
2014 597.920 31.05 185,626 74.25 137.831
2013 598,708 30.79 184,345 72.57 133,777
2012 613.990 29.68 182.225 72.68 132,437
2011 608.299 29.98 182.371 72.54 132,300
2010 617.802 30.46 188.173 72.59 136,595
2009 624,439 29.24 182,572 71.14 129,879
2008 617.158 28.61 176,564 70.51 124,496
2007 620.722 29.20 181.262 70.61 127.988

Census results

The following population information about the city, the district, the province and the country is available for the censuses:

region 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 2000
City (Şehir) 37,368 44.110 48,588 60,855 73.008 83.058 113,100
central circle (Merkez) 94.132 103,681 112,476 127,541 142.027 150771 174,700
Province (İl) 495.352 540,855 599.166 624.508 679.071 719.251 828.027
Turkey 31,391,421 35.605.176 40,347,719 44,736,957 50,664,458 56.473.035 67,803,927

history

Tokat, panorama, historical photograph, around 1900.

Tokat, the ancient Eudoxia (also called Eudocia or Eudokia ) is an Anatolian city ​​with a long history, starting with the Hittites in the 2nd millennium BC. However, it did not play a major role in antiquity , only its fortress Dazimon was important . The neighboring Comana Pontica was much more important . From there, today's city was founded under Emperor Herakleios (610-641) and named after his daughter Eudokia. Around 1021 Senekerim received Arzruni from Sebaste Tokat as a fiefdom of the Byzantine emperor. The Armenian Arzrunids had resettled westward before the Seljuks . In 1045 Tokat passed to the Armenian Bagratid dynasty by marriage . The Turkmen Danishmends ruled from 1071 to 1175 . Trading flourished in Tokat from the 11th to the 13th centuries. In 1396 the Turkmen emirate of Tokat became Ottoman . In the 17th century Evliya Çelebi compared the prosperity of Tokat with Bursa and Aleppo . In the 19th century, Tokat was one of the largest cities in Asian Turkey.

The population of Tokat comprised a high proportion of Christians until the 20th century. The Armenian Apostolic Church made up the majority with seven congregations, five schools and its own archbishop. He usually resided in the Armenian St. Joachim-and-Anna monastery outside the city and was often also its abbot. The Anglican priest and Bible translator Henry Martyn, who died in Tokat in 1812, was buried in the Armenian cemetery . The everyday Turkophone Greek Orthodox community owned a church and several schools; the Greek archbishop residing in Tokat carried the title of the ancient bishopric Neocaesarea (now Niksar ). In the 19th century, Tokat became a center of Catholicism in the Pontus area . In 1859 the diocese of Tokat degli Armeni of the Armenian Catholic Church was founded, but in 1892 it was merged with Sebaste ( Sivas ) and since then has only been granted as a titular diocese (1972) . The Jesuits who worked here from 1881 (nominally until 1926) maintained a college and the Congregation of the Armenian Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of Mary maintained a monastery. The Jesuit Guillaume de Jerphanion , the first explorer of cave architecture in Cappadocia, worked in Tokat from 1903 to 1907 and 1926 . Around 1854 there was a larger Armenian Protestant community. American Protestant missions emerged from 1864.

Tokat's gradual political and economic decline began with the rise of the neighboring city of Sivas . On May 1, 1914, Tokat's main shopping street was burned down. On May 9, 1915, the Armenians were deported from the city in the course of the genocide . The future Armenian diaspora bishop Krikor Balakian was an eyewitness . In the course of the Greek-Turkish population exchange in the 1920s , the inhabitants of Tokat's Greek Orthodox denomination had to leave their homeland, although they used Turkish everyday and private prayer language. Until the 20th century, many residents emigrated to America or Europe.

Attractions

  • Tokat Castle: originally a Byzantine castle, renovated by the Ottomans.
  • Historic old town with numerous buildings from the Ottoman period.
  • Gök Medrese: Seljuk building from 1275; the Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum is located here.
  • Ulu Mosque, renewed in 1679.
  • Taş Han: Ottoman caravanserai from 1631.
  • Hıdırlık Bridge: Seljuk Bridge.
  • Ballıca Cave.
  • Sebastopolis : ancient city near Artova.
  • Comana Pontica : ancient city near Gümenek.
  • Niksar (ancient Neocaesarea), early Christian episcopal city, former capital of the Danischmenden .

In the vicinity of Tokat there are a number of prehistoric settlement mounds (in Turkish : höyük ):

  • Maşat Höyük near Yalınyazı.
  • Horoztepe.
  • Boyunpınar.
  • Bolus Aktepe.

kitchen

  • Tokat Kebabı
  • Keşkek (wheat grains cooked with butter, poured over with cooked lamb and the broth)
  • Tokat Bati
  • Tokat Yaprağı
  • Tokat Çemeni

Daughters and sons of the city

Web links

Commons : Tokat  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Türkiye Nüfusu İl ilçe Mahalle Köy Nüfusları , accessed on April 10, 2020
  2. ↑ Central Dissemination System / Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi (MEDAS) of the TÜIK , accessed on July 27, 2019
  3. ↑ Genel Nüfus Sayımları - İllere göre ilçe, bucak, belde ve köy nufusları (census results 1965 to 2000) , accessed on July 27, 2019
  4. ↑ from Greek : Εὐδοκία Eudo'cia , Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)
  5. ↑ Arshag Alboyadjian: History of the Armenians of Evdokia. Neuer Stern Verlag, Cairo 1952, p. 187 (original title: Պատմութիւն Եւդոկիոյ Հայոց. Տեղագրական Պատմական Եւ Ազգագրական Տեղեկութիւններով :)
  6. ^ A b Robert H. Hewsen: Armenia. A Historical Atlas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2001, p. 191.
  7. ^ Ferdinand Brockes: Across Asia Minor. Pictures from a winter trip through the Armenian emergency area . Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1900, 152: “The population is calculated at 35,000, including about a third Armenians and several thousand Greeks; There is also a Protestant community and a Roman Catholic with a Jesuit school ”.
  8. ^ Journey of the missionary Joseph Wolff through Asia Minor, Turkestan, Bokhara, Afghanistan, Cabul and Caschmire to northern and southern India in the years 1831–1834. In: Magazine for the Latest History of the Evangelical Missionary and Bible Societies 1837, p. 590.
  9. ↑ https://www.collectif2015.org/fr/Le-monastere-de-Saint-Joachim-Sainte-Anne.aspx >
  10. ^ Journey of the missionary Joseph Wolff through Asia Minor, Turkestan, Bokhara, Afghanistan, Cabul and Caschmire to northern and southern India in the years 1831–1834. In: Magazine for the Latest History of the Evangelical Missionary and Bible Societies 1837, p. 589.
  11. ↑ Pierre Pierre: Les villes du Pont vues par le Père de Jerphanion. Tokat, Amasya, Sivas . In: Mélanges de l'école française de Rome 110-2 (1998) 859-865.
  12. ^ Raymond Kévorkian : Le Génocide des Arméniens. Odile Jacob, Paris 2006, p. 554
  13. ↑ Jean Naslian: Les mémoires de Mgr. Jean Naslian, Evêque de Trébizonde 1911–1928, sur les événements politico-religieux en Proche-Orient de 1914–1928. Patriarcat arménien catholique, Beirut 2008, p. 232 (2 volumes, new edition of the 1955 edition).
  14. ↑ Kh. Harutyunyan: L'attività del Copista Mikhaêl de Thochath (Tokat) . In: Rassegna degli Armenisti Italiani 17 (2016) 39-50.