Darschavna Aeroplanna Rabotilnitsa
With Darzhavna Aeroplanna Rabotilnitsa ( DAR ; ДАР; Bulgarian Държавната аеропланна работилница , German State Plane Workshop ) state is Bulgarian aircraft industry referred 1922-1945.
history
Similar to the German Empire through the Treaty of Versailles , aviation in Bulgaria was severely restricted after the First World War through the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine . Civil aviation was only allowed with weakly motorized aircraft, while military aviation was completely prohibited. During the First World War, Bulgaria obtained the aircraft it used exclusively from allied governments, mainly from the German Reich. There was no aviation industry of its own. An aircraft repair shop had only been set up at the Boschurishche airfield (Bulgarian Божурище), twenty kilometers west of Sofia. There, from 1920 to 1921, parts of German aircraft that had been destroyed by order of the Allied Control Commission were built into the first two aircraft built in Bulgaria.
The actual hour of birth of Bulgarian aircraft construction struck on April 1, 1922 with the establishment of the Aviation Department in the Ministry of Communications, Telecommunications and Telegraphs . The workshop in Boschurishche was chosen as the base. On July 15, 1924, the department was expanded to become the Aviation Directorate . In order to advance aircraft construction in Bulgaria as quickly as possible, despite the lack of its own designers, the government signed a group of German aircraft manufacturers under the direction of Hermann Winter . This group arrived in Sofia in 1925. Their first aircraft type was a copy of the German type DFW CV as DAR Usunow U-1. Two Albatros C.III (as DAR-2) emerged from parts of the destroyed aircraft. The group's first in-house development was the DAR-1 trainer aircraft, 1926 of which were built and flown until the early 1940s. The DAR-3 reconnaissance aircraft, the first DAR military aircraft, was built in 1929 and was still in service during World War II .
In 1931 the Winter Group developed the three-engine DAR-4 transporter, the first multi-engine Bulgarian aircraft, of which only a prototype was built. With the construction, Winter was supported from the beginning by Tsvetan Lazarow . In 1931 Winter left DAR and Lazarov took his place. Another designer was Kiril Petkov. A few less successful designs followed, of which only the two-seater DAR-10F bomber designed by Lazarow is said to have gone into very limited production in 1941. The last model was a prototype of the DAR-11 fighter plane. After the end of the Second World War, the DAR was dissolved. A little later Lazarow created the 160 units of the training aircraft LAZ-7 for the Bulgarian Air Force , but it was built in the newly established State Aircraft Factory (DSF) in Lovech.
Start-up
The private company DAR-Aircraft was founded in Sofia in 1996 with the aim of developing and building microlight aircraft . Today the DAR team consists of four qualified engineers - Tony Iliew (born 1968), Wesselin Walkanow (born 1957), Georgi Dimantschew (born 1957), Colonel Svilen Ivanov (born 1949) and the qualified tech . Valentin Angelow (born 1958). The young company's first project was a replica of the DAR-1 - a 15% smaller copy of the legendary Bulgarian aircraft DAR-1.
Technical specifications
template | Construction year | Engine | Power [kW / PS] | Span [m] | Length [m] | Empty weight [kg] | Takeoff weight [kg] | v max [km / h] | v trip [km / h] | Summit height [m] | Flight time [h: min] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DAR-U1 ( DFW CV ) | 1926 | Benz Bz IV | 162/220 | 13.16 | 8.95 | 1155 | 1585 | 170 | 150 | 5000 | 5:30 |
DAR-2 ( Albatros C.III ) | Mercedes D III | 118/160 | 11.37 | 8.33 | 945 | 1380 | 160 | 120 | 3600 | 5:30 | |
DAR-1 | Walter NZ-60 | 45/60 | 8.90 | 6.25 | 405 | 640 | 135 | - | 3000 | 3:30 | |
DAR-1A | 1928 | Walter Vega | 63/85 | 6.35 | 409 | 660 | 150 | 120 | 3500 | 3 | |
DAR-3 | 1930 | Lorraine-Dietrich 12 | 294/400 | 11.90 | 9.45 | 1440 | 1910 | 205 | - | - | - |
1931 | Gnôme et Rhône Jupiter 9AKX | - / 353 | 9.17 | 221 | 180 | 6500 | 3:50 | ||||
DAR-4 | 3 × Walter Mars | 3 × 107/145 | 14.00 | 10.20 | 1330 | 2170 | 195 | 145 | 4500 | 4th | |
DAR-5 | Walter Titan | 162 | 7.50 | 6.65 | 680 | 1050 | 180 | 160 | > 6000 | 4:40 | |
DAR-7 | 1930 | Gnôme et Rhône Jupiter VI | - / 353 | 8.80 | 7.00 | 795 | 1330 | 280 | - | 8750 | - |
DAR-8 | 1935 | Walter Major 4 | 95.6 / 130 | 9.47 | 7.05 | 525 | 814 | 178 | 160 | 4500 | - |
Walter Mars | 106.6 / 145 | 9.12 | 6.56 | 535 | 824 | 190 | 6000 | - | |||
DAR-10 | 1941 | Fiat A.74 RC38 | 715/960 | 12.65 | 9.83 | 2030 | 3420 | 454 | 285 | - | - |
DAR-21 Vector | 2000 | Hirth 2740 | 36.5 / 50 | 8.42 | 5.75 | 246 | 450 | 180 | 115 | 3000 | - |
DAR-23 accent | 2001 | Rotax 503 | 38/52 | 8.65 | 5.75 | 185 | 385 | 120 | 100 | 3000 | - |
Types (chronological)
- Uzunow U-1 , Bulgarian Узунов У-1 ( DFW CV ): training aircraft, named after a captain who crashed in 1925
- DAR-2 : created from parts of destroyed Albatros C.III
- DAR-1 : training aircraft , first in-house construction
- DAR-3 : Reconnaissance aircraft , also known as Garwan ("crow") (similar to the French Potez 25 )
- DAR-4 : Airliner for four passengers, only one prototype built
- DAR-5 : Fighter training aircraft
- DAR Zdrawka : glider , two pieces built
- DAR-6 : trainer aircraft
- DAR-7 : Fighter aircraft, project only
- DAR-8 : Sports and training aircraft, twelve pieces built
- DAR-9 : Licensed production of the German Fw 44 "Stieglitz"
- DAR-10 : Dive fighter , serial production controversial
- DAR-11 Lyastowitza (Schwalbe, Avia B.135 ): Fighter aircraft, last type built by the old DAR
- DAR-21 Vector, UL aircraft, copy of the Piper J-3 "Cub".
gallery
literature
- Peter Korrel: Winter in Bulgaria. Flieger Revue Extra No. 18 about Hermann Winter's work in Bulgaria
- Catalog wings of the world. 1999-2002
- Jane's All the Worlds Aircraft yearbook . 1991-1993
Web links
- Vita of Prof. Winter
- DAR-21 Vector
- Stamp series (including with DAR aircraft)
- Website new DAR
- Presentation of the new DAR (PDF; 2 MB)