De Papeloze Kerk

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De Papeloze Kerk Great stone grave Schoonoord,
Hunebed D49
The large stone grave D49 at Schoonoord

The large stone grave D49 at Schoonoord
De Papeloze Kerk (Netherlands)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 52 ° 49 '12.1 "  N , 6 ° 46' 26.3"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 49 '12.1 "  N , 6 ° 46' 26.3"  E
place Coevorden , OT Schoonoord , Drenthe , The Netherlands
Emergence 3470 to 2760 BC Chr.
van Giffen no. D49

The large stone grave De Papeloze Kerk ( German  "the pastorless church" , also called the large stone grave Schoonoord ) is a megalithic tomb of the Neolithic western group of the funnel cup culture (TBK) near Schoonoord , a district of Coevorden in the Dutch province of Drenthe .

The megalithic complex was restored by Albert Egges van Giffen (1884–1973) in 1959 using stones from the Valthe-Valtherveld (D33) large stone grave . It is the only system in the Netherlands that has been restored to its almost original condition. The grave bears the Van Giffen number D49.

location

The grave is located south of Schoonoord in a wooded area. The two large stone graves are located about 2.8 km south-southeast near Noord-Sleen (D50 and D51).

Origin of name

The name De Papeloze Kerk probably dates back to the 16th century and goes back to Calvinist gatherings in the open air. John Calvin himself held such meetings in northern France and referred to them as église sans pape . However, there are no contemporary reports of this practice at Schoonoord.

Research history

The grave was first mentioned by Nicolaas Westendorp (1773-1836), who visited it in 1812 and wrote a report about it in 1815. In 1861 and 1867 it was badly damaged by stone seekers. In 1918 Albert Egges van Giffen documented the facility for his atlas of the Dutch megalithic graves. In 1938 and 1958 the grave was archaeologically examined by van Giffen. Following the second examination, van Giffen carried out a comprehensive restoration. For this he also used the last remaining stones from the heavily damaged large stone grave Valthe-Valtherveld (D33). These were transported from Valthe to Schoonoord by the engineer battalion of the Dutch army in 1956 . Another restoration took place in 1996. The complex has been a national monument ( Rijksmonument ) since 1973 .

description

The complex is an east-southeast-west-northwest oriented passage grave . The reconstructed enclosure consists of 28 stones. The burial chamber was originally completely covered by a hill, which was reconstructed in the western half of the complex. The chamber has a length of 12.1 m and a width of 4.7 m. It has six pairs of wall stones on the long sides, one end stone each on the narrow sides and six cap stones. The gaps between the stones were originally filled with dry masonry. This was reconstructed in 1959. The access to the chamber is in the middle of the southern long side. In front of this is a corridor made of two pairs of wall stones and a capstone.

See also

literature

  • Jan Albert Bakker : The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-87962-102-9 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , pp. 34, 224 ( online version ).
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Augustus 1856: George ten Berge tekent de hunebedden bij Schoonoord, Noord-Sleen en Rolde. In: Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak. Volume 129, 2012, pp. 211-223.
  • Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , p. 189.
  • Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
  • Albert Egges van Giffen: Een reconstrueerd hunebed. Het gereconstrueerde ganggraf D49, "De Papeloze Kerk" bij Schoonoord, acc. Sleen, prov. Drente. In: Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak. Volume 81, 1961, pp. 189-198.
  • EC Hopman: A biography of D49, the “Papeloze Kerk” (Schoonoord, Dr.) ( full text )
  • G. de Leeuw: Onze hunebedden. Gids before Drentse hunebedden en de Trechterbekerkultuur . Flint 'Nhoes, Borger 1984.
  • Wijnand van der Sanden , Hans Dekker: Gids voor de hunebedden in Drenthe en Groningen . WBooks, Zwolle 2012, ISBN 978-9040007040 .
  • Nynke de Vries: Excavating the Elite? Social stratification based on cremated remains in the Dutch hunebedden. Master thesis, Groningen 2015 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : De Papeloze Kerk  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anna L. Brindley : The typochronology of TRB West Group pottery. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 28, 1986, pp. 93-132 ( online ). Annual figures corrected according to Moritz Mennenga : Between Elbe and Ems. The settlements of the funnel beaker culture in northwest Germany (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 13). Habelt, Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7749-4118-2 , p. 93 ( online ).
  2. ^ Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: 45998 te Schoonoord