Democratic Union of the Finnish People
Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk Democratic Union of the Finnish People |
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Party leader | Reijo Käkelä (1988–1990) |
Secretary General | Salme Kandolin (1988–1990) |
founding | October 29, 1944 |
resolution | 1990 |
Youth organization | Finnish Democratic Youth Association |
newspaper |
Vapaa Sana (1944–1956) Kansan Uutiset (1957–1990) |
Alignment | Socialism , Communism , Marxism-Leninism |
Colours) | red |
The Finnish People's Democratic League ( Finnish Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto abbreviated SKDL; Swedish Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk , abbreviated DFFF) was as popular Democrat known left party alliance in Finland .
history
The SKDL was founded in October 1944 on the initiative of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP). The aim was given to unite all progressive forces in the country. In addition to the SKP, the following parties joined the alliance:
- the Labor Party (a left-wing split from the Social Democrats under Mauno Pekkala ) and
- Vapaa Sana ("Das Freie Wort") (a social democratic group, named after the newspaper of the same name, under the leadership of Karl H. Wiik )
and 1973
- the Socialist Workers' Party (a split from the Social-Democratic League that emerged from the SDP).
In the parliamentary elections in March 1945, the SKDL won 49 seats, whereupon it joined the government. Mauno Pekkala held the post of Prime Minister from 1946 to 1948. After that, the People's Democrats were an opposition party until 1966. In the parliamentary elections in 1958, the SKDL became the strongest force and participation in the government appeared promising; however, the social democrat Karl-August Fagerholm formed a grand coalition with the peasant party and the conservatives ; until 1982 they were again members of the government with almost no interruption. Almost without exception, the SKDL was led by non-communist chairmen; however, the supporters of the SKP always dominated. The best result was achieved in the parliamentary elections in 1958 with 50 seats. This made the People's Democrats the strongest group .
In the 1980s, the SKP split into a strictly Marxist-Leninist wing and an emphatically Eurocommunist wing. This was also reflected within the SKDL: The members loyal to Moscow left the alliance and re-established themselves as the Democratic Alternative (DeVa). In 1990, the SKDL for its part went into the left alliance . Most recently, the number of representatives in the Reichstag was reduced to 16; in the 1987 parliamentary elections, the alliance only received 9.39 percent of the vote.
The People's Democrats played an important role in the 1956 presidential election . By clever tactics they helped to get the candidate of the Landbund , Urho Kekkonen , into office. Kekkonen was considered to be more inclined to the Soviet Union than any other candidate. In the 1962 presidential election, SKDL candidate Paavo Aitio lost a lot to Kekkonen, whom the People's Democrats officially supported in the two subsequent elections.
Election results
Parliamentary elections
Election results in parliamentary elections | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1945 | 1948 | 1951 | 1954 | 1958 | 1962 | 1966 | 1970 | 1972 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 |
choice | Mandates (of 200) |
be right | percent |
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1945 | 49 | 398,618 | 23.47 |
1948 | 38 | 375,538 | 19.88 |
1951 | 43 | 391.134 | 21.58 |
1954 | 43 | 433.251 | 21.57 |
1958 | 50 | 450.220 | 23.16 |
1962 | 47 | 506,829 | 22.02 |
1966 | 41 | 502.374 | 21.20 |
1970 | 36 | 420,556 | 16.58 |
1972 | 37 | 438,757 | 17.02 |
1975 | 40 | 519.483 | 18.89 |
1979 | 35 | 518.045 | 17.49 |
1983 | 27 | 400,930 | 13.46 |
1987 | 16 | 270,433 | 9.39 |
Local elections
choice | Mandates | be right | percent |
---|---|---|---|
1945 | 2,496 | 275,324 | |
1947 | 2.005 | 314.156 | 20.4 |
1950 | 2,517 | 347.102 | 23.04 |
1953 | 2,546 | 406.324 | 23.10 |
1956 | 2,272 | 353.967 | 21.17 |
1960 | 2,409 | 432.146 | 22.01 |
1964 | 2,417 | 470,550 | 21.94 |
1968 | 1,770 | 382,882 | 16.91 |
1972 | 1,731 | 437.130 | 17.48 |
1976 | 2,050 | 494.920 | 18.45 |
1980 | 1,835 | 456.177 | 16.64 |
1984 | 1,482 | 354,582 | 13.15 |
1988 | 1,209 | 270,532 | 10.29 |
Presidential election
choice | candidate | Indirect choice | ||||
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electors | be right | percent | ||||
1950 | Mauno Pekkala | 67 | 338.035 | 21.43 | ||
1956 | One kilpi | 56 | 354,575 | 18.69 | ||
1962 | Paavo Aitio | 63 | 451,750 | 20.5 | ||
1968 | Support Urho Kekkonens (center) | 56 | 345,609 | 16.95 | ||
1978 | Support Urho Kekkonens (center) | 56 | 445.098 | 18.18 | ||
1982 | Kalevi Kivistö | 32 | 348.359 | 11.0 | ||
choice | candidate | Indirect choice | Direct choice | |||
electors | be right | percent | be right | percent | ||
1988 | Kalevi Kivistö ( Liike 88 ) | 26th | 286.833 | 9.61 | 330,072 | 10.67 |
Leadership politician
Party leader:
- Karl H. Wiik (1944)
- Carl-Johan Sundström (1944–1946)
- Jaakko W. Keto (1946–1948)
- Kusti Kulo (1948–1966)
- Ele Alenius (1966–1979)
- Kalevi Kivistö (1979–1985)
- Esko Helle (1985–1988)
- Reijo Käkelä (1988–1990)
General Secretaries:
- Tyyne Tuominen (1944-1949)
- Yrjö Enne (1949–1952)
- Hertta Kuusinen (1952-1958)
- Yrjö Enne (1959–1961)
- Mauno Tamminen (1962-1965)
- Ele Alenius (1965-1967)
- Aimo Haapanen (1967–1977)
- Jorma Hentilä (1977-1984)
- Reijo Käkelä (1984–1988)
- Salme Kandolin (1988–1990)
literature
- John H. Hodgson: The Left in Finnish Politics . In: Hans Rühle , Hans-Joachim Veen (Hrsg.): Socialist and Communist Parties in Western Europe. Publication of the social science research institute of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung . Volume 2: Nordländer (= Uni-Taschenbücher . Vol. 762). Leske + Budrich (UTB), Opladen 1979, ISBN 3-8100-0241-0 . Pp. 293-336.