Dendarus coarcticollis
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Group of Dendarus coarcticollis in rotted wood |
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| Dendarus coarcticollis | ||||||||||||
| ( Mulsant , 1854) |
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| Fig. 1: Top view | Fig. 2: side view |
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| Fig. 3: Front view | Fig. 4: underside |
Dendarus coarcticollis , previously Dendarus tristis , is a beetle fromthe black beetle family . The genus Dendarus is represented in Europe with 54 species ,
Notes on the name
According to traditional opinion, the beetle was first described by Laporte de Castelnau under the name Dendarus tristis in 1840 . When it comes to the name tristis , Laporte refers to autumn . He takes the generic name Dendarus from the Dejean collection catalogs . The focus is tristis ( lat. Sad, gloomy) for the dark coloring of the beetle, the derivative of Déndarus after Schenkling unknown.
This description by Laporte does not contain anything contradicting the beetle presented here, but does not mention a noticeable feature (the shape of the pronotum). What is serious is that it contradicts the species described by Herbst as Tenebrio tristis in 1797, whose species name tristis Laporte takes over. A further complicating factor is that a third beetle in the Rossi family of black beetles was given the species name tristis and in later literature also appears in the combination Dendarus tristis Rossi . In 1854 Mulsant edited the Tenebrionids as Latigènes with detailed identification keys. He gives the beetle described here the species name coarcticollis and assigns it to the genus Pandarus as the only (French) species . When listing the synonyms, he expressly mentions that it is the beetle Dendarus tristis Laporte 1840. The part of the name coarcticollis (Latin: coarcticóllis with a narrowed pronotum) names exactly the specialty of the beetle, a large part of the description of Mulsant is also dedicated to the shape of the pronotum. The genus Pandarus is established by Mulsant . He takes the generic name from Megerle . According to Mulsant , he is from old Gr. Πάνδαρος derived. This is the name of various characters from Greek mythology . He follows the change of name from Dendarus to Pandarus , as can be seen in Dejean's catalogs, Pandarus is a later synonym for Dendarus .
In an authoritative German-language regulation at the time, however, the opinion was expressed in 1877 that the new naming by Mulsant was not scientifically justified. In addition, the genus Pandaros Mulsant is again replaced by Dendarus and split into six sub-genera. The species described here is placed in the subgenus Dendarus and is again given the name Dendarus tristis or Dendarus (Dendarus) tristis . The species does not appear in later German-language coleopterological works because its range is outside of Central Europe. However, under the currently valid International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature , the name Dendarus tristis is considered a scientifically unavailable name. Under the still valid assignment to the genus Dendarus , the species is now called Dendarus coarcticollis .
Description of the beetle
The elongated to oval, only slightly arched beetle is twelve to thirteen millimeters long and around six millimeters wide. It is matt black, but occasionally dull gray due to light tires.
The head is slightly wider in front of the eyes than behind. It is very weak in the front area, roughly punctured on the forehead , the points partially converge to form longitudinal wrinkles. The eleven-link cord-shaped antennae barely reach the rear edge of the pronotum. They are black at the base and yellow-brown at the top. The kidney-shaped eyes are on the side of the head. Their vertical extent is much larger than the horizontal. They are only slightly cut out from the long cheeks in front.
The pronotum expands fairly evenly to just under half, then it suddenly narrows to the fourth fifth, in the last fifth of its length the right and left sides are almost parallel to one another. On the front and back, the pronotum is slightly curved outwards. The back corners are pulled back and come to rest in a small recess on the shoulder corner of the wing cover. The pronotum is little cut out in front of each wing cover. It closely follows the base of the wing cover. It is bordered on the sides, the border disappears towards the front, and towards the rear it becomes wider and higher. The pronotum is roughly dotted, the dots dissolve mainly laterally into predominantly longitudinally aligned wrinkles. In the middle runs a shortened longitudinal furrow at both ends that is barely noticeable, especially in females (Fig. 3). The label is small.
The elytra are the same width at the base as the pronotum base. They appear streaked by furrowed, somewhat deepened rows of dots. The intervals between these point stripes are very dense and somewhat wrinkled. The intervals close to the wing cover seam are almost flat, the further outward intervals are moderately curved, towards the rear all intervals become more prominent. The seventh interval, which arises at the shoulder, is raised like a strip over the entire length and unites with the third interval at the end of the wing. The underlaid part of the wing covers (epipleurs) is relatively narrow and narrows towards the back.
The Prosternal process running backwards between the front hips has a clear longitudinal groove. The front and middle legs have five-limbed tarsi, in the male they are widened. The hind tarsi are four-limbed. The first tarsi link of the hind tarsi is about the same length as the claw link. In the male, the rails of the front legs are curved and at the end significantly wider than the middle rails. The middle rails have a small point in front of the end. The first three tarsal links of the front and middle pair of legs are hairy on the underside like a brush. In the females, the fore legs are narrower and less curved. The first three tarsi of the front and middle pair of legs are also hairy, but the brush cushions are separated in two halves (recognizable as females on the upper middle tarsus in Fig. 4).
biology
The species occurs in dry to very dry locations. A study into the decrease in biodiversity in Rome found that Dendarus coarcticollis, unlike other tenebrionids, was able to survive there because it lives in wood (in the large city parks). However, it may be Dendarus tristis Rossi . In a calendar about the first appearance of the common animal and plant species in Aix, the species is mentioned under stones in February and at the end of May. Mulsant mentions that the living beetle can produce a frosty appearance according to its will (taxo picture, Fig. 3).
distribution
In the early literature, southern France and northern Italy (South Tyrol) are specified as the distribution area. Corsica and possibly Hungary are also mentioned.
literature
- Ludwig Redtenbacher: Fauna Austriaca - the beetles 2nd volume Vienna 1874 p. 93 as Dendarus tristis in BHL p. 93
- Erichson (Hrsg.): Natural history of insects in Germany - Coleoptera 5th vol., Berlin 1877 as Dendarus tristis p. 400 at BHL
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Dendarus tristis at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 11, 2014
- ↑ Dendarus at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 11, 2014
- ^ Francis de Laporte de Castelnau: Histoire naturelle des insectes - Coléoptères 2nd volume, Paris 1840 p. 209 at BHL p. 209
- ↑ a b Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) .
- ↑ a b c Erichson (Hrsg.): Natural history of the insects of Germany - Coleoptera 5th vol., Berlin 1877 Herbst incorrectly cited margin note on p. 401 and Dendarus syn. Pandarus p. 386f
- ↑ Étienne Mulsant: Histoire naturelle des coléoptères de France - Latigènes Paris 1854 p. 142ff preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Luc Auber: Coléoptères de France Fascicule II Edition N.Boubée & Cie, Paris 1953 p. 34
- ↑ Simone Fattorini: Insect extinction by urbanization: A long term study in Rome Biological Conversation 144 (2011) 370-375, p. 373 ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Boyer de Fonscolombe: Calendrier de Faune et de Flore pour les environs d'Aix Aix 1845 preview in the Google book search
- ^ Mulsant & Rey: Essay d'une division des dernières Melasomes in Mémoires de l'Academie (Royale) des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon Lyon 1854 in BHL genus Pandarus p. 109 and BHL Art Pandarus coarcticollis p. 204
