Dendrophryniscus

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Dendrophryniscus
Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae

Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae

Systematics
Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Toads (Bufonidae)
Genre : Dendrophryniscus
Scientific name
Dendrophryniscus
Jiménez de la Espada , 1870
Dendrophryniscus leucomystax
Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus

Dendrophryniscus is a South American genus of the frog from the toad family(Bufonidae). The species of this genus are also referred to in German as tree toads based on the scientific genus name. However, this can lead to confusion with the African tree toads of the genus Nectophryne or the spotted tree toad ( Pedostibes hosii ). Dendrophryniscus isnativeto the Atlantic rainforests of Brazil .

description

The toads of the genus Dendrophryniscus have a head-trunk length of 18 to around 28 millimeters. Your physique is flat. They have an elongated snout that tapers to a point when viewed from the side. Seen from above, it appears slightly rounded.

Dendrophryniscus differs from the closely related genus Amazophrynella in the inconspicuous coloration of the ventral side - the latter is white, red-brown or orange, depending on the species. The tip of the fourth finger is enlarged in Dendrophryniscus , the inner finger is stunted.

distribution

Dendrophryniscus is native to the Atlantic rainforests in the south and southeast of Brazil .

Way of life

The toads of the genus Dendrophryniscus live in the lowlands. They are diurnal and feed mainly on ants , beetles , mites and springtails . Reproduction takes place in the rainy season (November to May). To lay their eggs, the females seek out very small, temporary bodies of water, e.g. B. bromeliads , in whose water-filled funnels the egg is laid.

Taxonomy and systematics

Dendrophryniscus is considered a relatively basal genus within the toad family. The type species of the genus is Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus .

A small species from the Amazon basin , first described by Melin in 1941 as Atelopus minutus , was counted for a long time as Dendrophryniscus minutus among the tree toads because of its similar morphological characteristics , but in 2012 by Fouquet et al. hived off together with the species Dendrophryniscus bokermanni , which is also native to the Amazon region . The new genus for the time being given the name Amazon Ella , but was in the same year because of the same name with a mite genus in Amazophrynella renamed.

species

Ten species were known at the beginning of 2014. At the end of July 2019, after a review, two species were rebuilt and four more species were newly described. The 16 species of the genus Dendrophryniscus are:

As of February 5, 2020

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Renato Recoder, Mauro Teixeira Jr., José Cassimiro, Augustín Camacho & Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues: A new species of Dendrophryniscus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2642, pp. 36-44, 2010
  2. ↑ Antoine Fouquet, Renato Recoder, Mauro Teixeira Jr., José Cassimiro, Renata Cecília Amaro, Augustín Camacho, Roberta Damasceno, Ana Carolina Carnaval, Craig Moritz & Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues: Molecular phylogeny and morphometric analyzes reveal deep divergence between Amazonian and Atlantic Forest species of Dendrophryniscus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, pp. 823-838, 2012 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.11.023
  3. ↑ Antoine Fouquet, Renato Recoder, Mauro Teixeira Jr., José Cassimiro, Renata Cecília Amaro, Augustín Camacho, Roberta Damasceno, Ana Carolina Carnaval, Craig Moritz & Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues: Amazonella Fouquet et al., 2012 (Anura: Bufonidae) junior homonymous of Amazonella Lundblad, 1931 (Acari: Unionicolidae): proposed replacement by Amazophrynella nom. nov. Zootaxa, 3244, p. 68, 2012
  4. ↑ a b c Eugenio Izecksohn: Três novas espécies de Dendrophryniscus Jiménez-de-la-Espada das regiões sudeste e sul do Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) . Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 10, pp 473-488, (1993) 1994
  5. ↑ a b c d Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz, Ulisses Caramaschi, Luciana Ardenghi Fusinatto, Cinthia Aguirre Brasileiro: Taxonomic review of Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870, with revalidation of D. imitator (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) and D. lauroi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, and description of four new related species (Anura, Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 4648, 1, pp. 27-62, July 2019 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4648.1.2
  6. ↑ CAG Cruz & LA Fusinatto: A new species of Dendrophryniscus Jiménes de la Espada, 1871 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 22-26, 2008
  7. ↑ Ana Maria Paulino Telles de Carvalo-e-Silva, Marcelle Mantoanelli Mongin, Eugenio Izecksohn & Sergio Potsch de Carvalo-e-Silva: A new species of Dendrophryniscus Jiménez – de – la – Espada from the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis , State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 2632, pp. 46-52, 2010
  8. ↑ Ulisses Caramaschi: A new species of beaked toad, Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae), from the State of Bahia, Brazil. Zoologia, 29, pp. 343-348, 2012
  9. ↑ Ulisses Caramaschi: The generic position of Rhinella skuki Caramaschi, 2012 (Anura, Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 3527, p. 88, 2012

literature

  • Albertina P. Lima, William E. Magnusson, Marcelo Menin, Luciana K. Erdtmann, Domingos J. Rodrigues, Claudia Keller & Walter Hödl: Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central. - Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2005, pp. 64-65

Web links

Commons : Dendrophryniscus  - collection of images, videos and audio files