Denise Paulme

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Denise Paulme (1935)

Denise Paulme (born May 4, 1909 in Paris ; died February 14, 1998 there ) was a French ethnologist , anthropologist and Africanist who became known for her work on the Dogon , Baga and Bété .

Life

Denise Paulme first started studying law, but then switched to the ethnologist Marcel Mauss at the Institut d'ethnologie at the University of Paris , where Lucien Lévy-Bruhl and Paul Rivet also worked. In particular, Marcel Mauss had an influence on her work. Her first field research expedition led her with the linguist Deborah Lifchitz (born June 5, 1905 in Charkow , arrested in Paris in 1943 and deported to Auschwitz ) in 1935 with the place Sangha (also Sanga ) as the starting point for the Dogon in Mali . This expedition was led by Marcel Griaule , other participants were Marcel Larget, Éric Lutten, Roger Mourlan and the ethnomusicologist André Schaeffner , whom she later married. The results were reflected in the Organization sociale des Dogon (Soudan français) ( Social Organization of the Dogon ), published in 1940 , which is considered to be one of the early works of French social anthropology .

She carried out further field research together with André Schaeffner in 1945 with the Kissi , rice farmers in West Africa , in 1954 with the Bagas of Lower Guinea and in 1958 with the Bété of the Ivory Coast , which she visited several times.

Employment she found from 1937 to 1961 in the Department of Black Africa of the Musée de l'Homme (Trocadero) in Paris and from 1957 as director of studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Department 6, 1975 as en Ecole des Hautes Etudes Sciences Sociales (EHESS) became independent.

Her work on black African women for later gender studies in these regions, on age groups and the situation of women in patrilineal societies and their translations of oral traditions are regarded as groundbreaking of their time .

Fonts (selection)

  • Organization sociale des Dogon (Soudan français). Domat-Montchrestien, Paris, 1940. (New edition by Jean-Michel Place, 1988).
  • Les Gens du riz. Kissi de Haute-Guinée Française. Plon, Paris 1954.
  • Une société de Côte d'Ivoire here et aujourd'hui. Les Bété. Mouton, Paris-La Haye 1962.
  • Les Sculptures de l'Afrique noire. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1956.
  • La Mère dévorante. Essai sur la morphologie des contes africains. Gallimard, Paris 1976.
  • La statue du commandeur. Essais d'ethnologie. Le Sycomore, Paris 1984.
  • Lettres de Sanga à André Schaeffner. Fourbis, Paris 1992.
  • Lettres de Sanga de Deborah Lifchitz et Denise Paulme à Michel Leiris . Fourbis, Paris 1992.

Editorships :

  • (Ed.): Marcel Mauss: Manuel d'ethnographie. Paris, Payot 1947.
  • (Ed.): Femmes d'Afrique noire. Mouton, Paris-La Haye 1960.
  • (Ed.): Classes et associations d'âge en Afrique de l'Ouest. Plon, Paris 1971.

Published posthumously :

  • Cendrillon en Afrique. Galaade éditions, Paris 2007. (Foreword by Françoise Héritier).
  • Lettres de Sanga. CNRS Editions, Paris 2015.

literature

  • Festschrift: Gens et paroles d'Afrique. Écrits pour Denise Paulme. Mouton, Paris, La Haye, New York, 1980. New edition de Gruyter Mouton, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-125727-3 .
  • Denise Paulme. In: Pierre Bonte, Michel Izard (ed.): Dictionnaire de l'ethnologie et de l'anthropologie. PUF, Paris, 2008, ISBN 978-2-13-055999-3 , pp. 564-565.
  • Marc Augé : Denise Paulme. In: L'Homme . Revue française d'anthropologie , No. 147, 1998, pp. 7-8, ISSN  0439-4216 .
  • Michel Leiris : Organization sociale des Dogons. In: L'Homme . Revue française d'anthropologie , No. 147, 1998, pp. 9-15, ISSN  0439-4216 .
  • Françoise Héritier : Denise Paulme-Schaeffner (1909–1998) ou l'histoire d'une volonté. In: Cahiers d'études africaines , No. 153, 1999, pp. 5-12, ISSN  1777-5353
  • Marianne Lemaire: Un parcours semé de terrains. L'itinéraire scientifique de Denise Paulme. In: L'Homme . Revue française d'anthropologie , No. 193, 2010, pp. 51–73, ISSN  0439-4216 .
  • Marianne Lemaire: La chambre à soi de l'ethnologue. Une écriture féminine en anthropologie dans l'Entre-deux-guerres. In: L'Homme . Revue française d'anthropologie , No. 200, 2011, pp. 83–112, ISSN  0439-4216 .
  • Marianne Lemaire: L'empreinte du faux, suivi de "Note de la rédaction" by Jean Jamin . In: L'Homme . Revue française d'anthropologie , No. 203/204, 2012, pp. 545–554, ISSN  0439-4216 .
  • Marianne Lemaire: Celles qui passent sans se rallier. La mission Paulme-Lifchitz, January-October 1935. ( Les Carnets de Bérose ; 5). LAHIC / DPRPS-Direction des patrimoines, Paris 2014. ( Online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ariane Deluz: Denise Paulme (1909–1998). In: Journal des anthropologues , No. 72/73, 1998, pp. 187-188. Retrieved February 5, 2017 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Paulme, Denise
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French ethnologist, anthropologist and Africanist
DATE OF BIRTH May 4, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH February 14, 1998
Place of death Paris