Dander

Dander

Classification according to ICD-10
R23.4	Changes in the texture of the skin
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The skin scales (short scale ; Latin squama , English epidermal scale ) is an aggregation of corneocytes that is visible to the naked eye . Desquamation (Latin Desquamatio ; synonyms: sloughing , (peeling) flaking , flaking ) denotes in the dermatological sense the shedding of the uppermost, keratinized layers of the skin with the formation of skin flakes. Special shape dandruff .

The skin flakes are one of the efflorescences in dermatology.

causes

As part of the ongoing, physiologically normal regeneration of human skin, corneocytes - individually or in smaller groups - are rejected from the stratum corneum, invisible to the human eye . This is known as desquamatio insensibilis .

Enlarged skin flakes

If the orderly structure of the epidermis is disturbed, the coordination of the exfoliation is also disturbed, and visible desquamation ( Desquamatio sensibilis ) occurs. Only aggregates of 500 or more contiguous cells are visible as flakes of skin to the human eye. The coordination disorder can be caused by a specific skin disease such as B. psoriasis , ichthyosis or seborrheic dermatitis or be caused by banal skin inflammation (e.g. sunburn ) or minor trauma . Almost all inflammatory skin diseases lead in their course, often only in the course of healing, to visible flaking. At the cellular level, desquamatio sensibilis is usually preceded by accelerated cell division in the stratum basale with subsequent impaired differentiation .

Classification

Coarse lamellar membranous scaling of the skin on the fingertips at the end of a scarlet fever disease

Dander is differentiated according to size and shape. The type of peeling can indicate the underlying condition.

By size

• fine lamellar
• medium lamellar
• coarse lamellar

According to shape

• Ichthyosiform ( shield shape ): In ichthyosiform scaling , round to square, lens-sized or larger shields that are stuck in the center detach from the outside. This is particularly characteristic of ichthyosis vulgaris .
• Pityriasis form ( bran form ): Fine, bran- shaped scales occur in pityriasis rosea , pityriasis versicolor or measles in the convalescence stage . The corresponding scale formation is called Desquamatio furfuracea (synonym: Desquamatio pityriasiformis , Defurfuratio ).
• Psoriasiform (platelet form)
• Membranous or lamelous form (leaf shape): With membranous scaling , the uppermost cornified skin layer loosens in coherent larger parts. Occurrence, for example, at the end of a scarlet fever disease.

Others

In enclosed spaces, flakes of skin contribute to the formation of house dust . In bed linen , they form food for house dust mites .

literature

• Dander. In: Roche Lexicon Medicine. 5th edition. Urban & Fischer, 2003. Online version
• Dandruff. In: Pschyrembel Clinical Dictionary. 261st edition. Walter de Gruyter, 2007.
• Desquamatio. In: Roche Lexicon Medicine. 5th edition. Urban & Fischer, 2003. Online version
• Desquamation. In: Pschyrembel Clinical Dictionary. 261st edition. Walter de Gruyter, 2007.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Alphabetical directory for the ICD-10-WHO version 2019, volume 3. German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), Cologne, 2019, p. 183.
2. ↑ F.-C. Vogeler: 1.2 Dermatological anamnesis and clinical examination In: The second - compact: Dermatology, ophthalmology, ENT. 1st edition. Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-46337-5 , p. 7.
3. ↑ M. Zetkin, H. Schaldach: Dictionary of Medicine. 15th edition. Ullstein, Mosby 1992, ISBN 3-86126-018-2 , p. 464.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Josef Smolle , Frank H. Mader: 1.1 How do skin diseases express themselves? - dandruff. In: Consultation problem skin - diagnostics, therapy and care in everyday practice. 2nd Edition. Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-540-21185-3 , S. 9. Full text .
5. ↑ Alfred Goldinger: A - Structure of the skin. In: Radiation-Induced Skin Changes - A New Area for Pharmaceutical Care. Mainz, November 2007, p. 2. Full text (PDF; 575 kB).
6. ↑ Ingrid Moll (Ed.): 3.2 Effloreszenzen - Squama (Schuppe) In: Dermatologie. 6th edition. Thieme, 2005, ISBN 3-13-126686-4 , pp. 34-35.
7. ↑ Pschyrembel - Clinical Dictionary , Walter de Gruyter GmbH Berlin 2014, 266th edition, p. 1924.

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !