German dog tongue

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German dog tongue
German dog's tongue (Cynoglossum germanicum)

German dog's tongue ( Cynoglossum germanicum )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Cynoglosseae
Genre : Dog tongues ( Cynoglossum )
Type : German dog tongue
Scientific name
Cynoglossum germanicum
Jacq.

The German Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum anglicum ), and forest-dog tongue called, is a species of the genus of dog tongues ( Cynoglossum ) within the family of Borage Family (Boraginaceae). It is common in Europe .

description

blossoms
Fruit cluster
German dog's tongue ( Cynoglossum germnanicum )

Vegetative characteristics

The German dog's tongue is a biennial herbaceous plant that only develops a leaf rosette and a thick taproot in the first year. The leaf blades of the basal leaves are broadly lanceolate, with entire margins, almost glabrous and shiny on top, hairy on the underside. In the second year the 20 to 80 centimeters high, mostly protruding hairy, only branched flower stems grow. The lower leaves on the stem are stalked, the upper leaves are seated, sometimes encompassing the stem, heart-shaped or broadly rounded.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. The hanging flowers have a 4 to 5 millimeter long, red-violet crown. The corolla tube from which the pharynx scales protrude is longer than the calyx, the tips of which protrude at the time of fruiting.

The flowering period is May to July.

The Klausen fruits disintegrate into partial fruits, they are 6 to 8 millimeters long and evenly covered with 0.5 to 0.8 millimeter long spines.

The basic chromosome number is x = 11; there is diploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 24.

ecology

The German dog's tongue is a helomorphic hemicryptophyte . The pollination is effected by insect pollinated. The Klausen are the diaspores .

Occurrence and endangerment

The German dog's tongue is a European species that occurs from southern and central England , the Pyrenees , southern France and Croatia to the Caspian Sea. The northern border of the distribution runs from the northern German hill country via Romania to southern Russia . The exact distribution area is uncertain, as the German dog's tongue is often confused with the common dog's tongue . The German dog's tongue is listed on the regional red lists, but in 1996 it was not considered endangered in Germany as a whole.

The German dog's tongue grows on fresh, mostly nitrogen-rich, alkaline and lime-rich, loamy, often stony soils at forest edges, on forest clearings, on embankments and on shaded rock debris.

Cynoglossum germanicum is a character species of the Alliario-Cynosuretum germanici from the association of nitrophytic forest fringing societies (Alliarion).

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f German dog tongue . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  2. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  778 .

Web links

Commons : Deutsche Hundszunge ( Cynoglossum germanicum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files