German Party (Romania)
The German Party ( DP ) or German People's Party was the largest party or faction of the German minority in Greater Romania from 1919 to 1938.
General
The German Party was less a party in the classical sense than the parliamentary arm of the German People's Council, which was organized nationwide as an association of Germans in Romania . The district committees of the people's councils nominated the candidates of the German party for the elections and organized the election campaign.
The party initially pursued middle-class middle-class positions. In 1935 the Association of Germans in Romania was declared a German National Community in Romania and on November 20, 1940 a legal person under public law under the designation Deutsche Volksgruppe in Romania , whose national will-bearer was the National Socialist Workers' Party of the German National People's Group in Romania , which was founded on November 9, 1940 was. At the same time, politics was oriented towards that of the Reich and thus the NSDAP . The chairmen were:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1921-1931 | Rudolf Brandsch (1880–1953) |
| 1931-1935 | Kaspar Muth (1876–1966) |
| 1935-1939 | Fritz Fabritius (1883–1957) |
| 1939-1940 | Wolfram Bruckner (1903–1979) |
| 1940-1944 | Andreas Schmidt (1912–1948) |
People's Councils
The chairmen of the local people's councils (from 1935: Gaue der Volksgemeinschaft) were:
Transylvania
In Transylvania there was the German- Saxon People's Council or German People's Council for Transylvania with the following chairmen:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1918-1919 | Adolf Schullerus (1864–1928) |
| 1919-1928 | Rudolf Brandsch (1880–1953) |
| 1928-1933 | Otto Fritz Jickeli (1866–1939) |
| 1933-1935 | Adolf Schullerus (1888–1960) |
| 1935-1939 | Helmut Wolff (1897–1971) |
| 1939-1940 | Otto Fritz Jickeli |
| 1940-1943 | Kurt Fromm († 1962) |
Bucovina
In the Bukovina from September 18, 1918 was to October 1940, the German People's Council for the Bukovina with the following chairmen:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1918-1919 | Alfred Kohlruß (1875-1935) |
| 1919-1920 | Alois Lebouton (1881-1936) |
| 1920-1922 | Edmund Rudolf Schnirch (1880–1972) |
| 1922-1923 | Franz Lang (1884–1966) |
| 1923-1935 | Heinrich Würfel |
| 1925-1926 | ? |
| 1926-1935 | Alfred Kohlruß |
| 1935 | Maximilian Soniewitzki (1882–1953) |
| 1935 | Erwin Millanich von Manderiolo (1899–1976) |
| 1935-1938 | Martin Runzer (1879–1974) |
| 1938-1940 | Franz Lohmer (1889–1949) |
| Sept 1940 | Johann Krotky (for South Bukovina) |
Bessarabia
In Bessarabia there was the German People's Council for Bessarabia from July 30, 1920 to 1940, with the following chairmen:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1920-1926 | Christian Kalmbach (1884–1975) |
| 1926-1934 | Daniel Haase (1877-1939) |
| 1934-1940 | Otto Broneske (1899–1989) |
Banat
German-Swabian People's Party
For the Banat and Arad , the German-Swabian People's Party ( DSVP ) was founded on September 8th in Timisoara as a party of the German minority. She represented positions of the middle class. In national terms, however, radical views were held. Michael Kausch (1877–1942) was the chairman . In the elections of 1919, the party won six seats in the Chamber of Deputies of Greater Romania and provided two senators . The delegates were Heinrich User , Stefan Frecot , Josef Gabriel , Josef Karl , Peter Kausch and Hans Tengler . Senators were Wilhelm Kopony and Karl von Möller . In parliament these members belonged to the faction of the German party. The DSVP also ran in the 1920 elections, but did not win any seats.
Swabian Autonomy Party
In May 1920 the Swabian Autonomy Party ( SAP ) was founded. The chairman was Kaspar Muth. The party took conservative positions. The central point of the program was the demand for autonomy for the Banat Swabians . In the 1920 election, two members were elected (besides Kaspar Muth, this was Franz Kräuter ). Senator Karl von Möller also joined the SAP.
German-Swabian national community
On March 13, 1921, the DSVP and SAP were dissolved and merged into the German-Swabian national community . This organization, which corresponded to the people's councils of the other areas, had the following chairman:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1921-1936 | Kaspar Muth (1876–1966) |
| 1936-1940 | Josef Riess (1895–1943) |
| 1940-1941 | Peter Anton (lost in 1945 as a prisoner of war) |
| 1941-1944 | Hans Jung (1902-1945) |
Dobruja
In the Dobrudscha , the Association of Romanian Citizens of German Descent existed in the Dobrudscha between February 6, 1923 and November 28, 1940 with the following chairmen:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1923-1927 | Michael Emanuel Leyer (1881–1931) |
| 1927-1929 | Eduard Brenner |
| 1929-1930 | Hans Wenzel (* 1894) |
| 1930-1934 | Otto Mauch (1889-1958) |
| 1934-1940 | Johannes Klukas (1896–1972) |
| 1940 | Paul Unterschütz (1912–1943) |
Gau Sathmar
In the Gau Sathmar existed from January 10, 1926 to August 30, 1940, the German-Swabian national community Gau Sathmar with the following chairmen:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1926-1936 | Fritz Winterhofen (1887–1960) |
| 1936-1940 | Stefan Wieser (1879–1970) |
Altreich
In the Altreich from 1935 to 1941 there was the German National Community in Romania, Gau Altreich with the following chairmen:
| Term of office | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1935-1940 | Gustav Sunday |
| 1940-1941 | Hans Reissenberger (* 1915) |
Participation in voting
In 1919 the German party had 14 seats in the House of Representatives and six senatorial seats. In the following elections, the election was based on counties . This right to vote required electoral agreements to be made in order to obtain seats. With the exception of the 1927 election, the German party always concluded election agreements with the governing party. This meant that between eight and eleven members of parliament and three to six senatorial seats were won. Only in the 1927 elections was an electoral agreement concluded with the party of the Hungarian minority. This procedure did not work. Only one senator and seven MPs were won.
literature
- Mads Ole Balling: From Reval to Bucharest. Statistical-Biographical Handbook of the Parliamentarians of the German Minorities in East Central and Southeast Europe 1919–1945 . Volume 2: Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, Slovakia, Carpathian Ukraine, Croatia, Memelland Landtag, Silesian Landtag. Comparative analysis . 2nd Edition. Documentation-Verlag, Copenhagen 1991, ISBN 87-983829-5-0 , p. 570 ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ forost.ungarisches-institut.de , decree law regarding the legal status of the German ethnic group in Romania